The Development Of Gymnastics In The Characteristics, Influencing Factors Research And Development Law

The development of competitive gymnastics is one important guarantee of our country's Olympic plan. Alone with our society's transformation, the economy and social environment on which competitive gymnastics relies has changed tremendously, and the sustainable development of gymnastics faces the stern challenge, too. The present research takes the development of competitive gymnastics as the study point, adopts methodologies of literature review, visit survey, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics, case study, etc., systematically studies the historical development of competitive gymnastics since the establishment of our country, analyzes the characteristics of changes, influencing factors and development characteristics of gymnastics from the perspective of society, history and development, with the purpose of providing the theoretical basis and reference for gymnastics long-term development strategy's research and fundamental research. The findings of the research are as follows:1. The development of competitive gymnastics presents the gradual character. Our country's competitive gymnastics development exhibits a winding way in the past 60 years. It experienced four periods of the start stage, the stagnation downward stage, the rapid development stage and the sustainable development stage. At the start stage, based on the Soviet gymnastics advanced experience, competitive gymnastics absorbed our traditional national technique, broke the overseas training patterns in guiding principle, training method, the physiological load of exercise, the development of difficulty and so on, and formed China's training style. The stagnation downward stage occurred in "Great Cultural Revolution" period and the Chinese gymnastics fell into the valley. After 11 Third Session, the stable political situation and economic development prepare well for the rapid development of gymnastics. After taking part in Olympic Games again, competitive gymnastics develops a sustainable characteristic. The strength of China's gymnastics maintains the quality of relative stability and growth, and the overall strength of male and female teams shows the synchronous development.The development of Chinese competitive gymnastics shows the regional characteristics in many ways, including policy guidance, economic support efforts, competitive level, human resource and scientific research. Different provinces take competitive gymnastics as a key sports development project according to their different geographical advantages. The regions with high level competitive gymnastics are concentrated on economically developed places. The regional funding invested in gymnastics shows significant differences. Our Gymnastics shows regional differences in sports performance. Guangdong Province possesses the first level, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan Province follow as the second level, Guangxi, Hubei, Yunnan as the third; other provinces including Sichuan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Shandong, Huizhou form the fourth level. Such superiority-possessing provinces as Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan, Guangxi, Hubei and Yunnan always have stable performance in gymnastics. Elite Gymnasts' distribution among the major regions has a significant difference. The regional distribution of Elite Gymnastic Coach has a consistency in regional distribution of high performance. The modern scientific research positions of gymnastics locate in the southern region, Central China, and coastal areas of East China.2. The influencing factors of competitive gymnastics can divide into environmental aspect, system aspect, and essential elements aspect. The environment aspect includes socio-political environmental factors and socio-economic development factors; the system aspect includes training factors, management factors, research and protection factors, competition factors; the essential elements aspect includes athletes and coaches' factors. The factors of the three aspects interact and influence each other, and constitute the level of promoting the development of China's gymnastics power system. Social and political environment and socio-economic development factors are the external driving force of gymnastics. System aspect is the internal environment and the important guarantee of conditions for gymnastics development. Essential elements aspect is the subject in practice and the internal driving force of the development of competitive gymnastics.3. The development of gymnastics in our country shows the law of non-balanced development, coordinated development, independent innovation development and path dependence development. In the different development stages, the various factors play different roles in the development of Gymnastics. Concerning the performance of our outstanding competitive gymnastic athletes, males are superior to females. For individual athletes, the development of athletic quality is not balanced, and sports items have obviously different requirements for athletes. The coordinated development law is manifested by the influencing factors of competitive gymnastics'development. Attaching to "The Whole-Nation System" and depending on "The Olympic Glorious Program", the factors coordinate with each other to promote our competitive gymnastics development with the same target. The collaborative development of the influencing factors reflects the regularity of each part in the organic unity during the big running system of the gymnastics training, competition, and management. The development of the competitive gymnastics experiences a process of realizing the winning factors from the less to more, from perceptual to rational, and explores independently on the winning rules of "difficult, new, beautiful, and stable". The constant flourishing of our gymnastic team is inseparable with the constant innovation of technical movement. It is the constant pursuing of difficult and new technical movements that makes our competitive gymnastics complies with world gymnastic development trend. The law of path dependence development is showed as the following:the development of our competitive gymnastics depends on the development and perfection of Chinese gymnastics under "The Whole-Nation System", depends on the Chinese political and economic reform, the perfection of money raising system, the ideological reform and innovation, depends on the mastering of the characteristics and regularity of the world gymnastic development, and depends on scientific development of our gymnastic movement.