The Way Of Individual Existence And The Form Of Natural Right

Individualism is the current character in morden european society which considered the human being in the centre of world, supports the positive meaning of this life,and to give individuals the realization of worldly desires to legitimacy. The rise of individualism made the traditional society collapsed and individuals liberated,Meanwhile, intensified social conflicts, resulting in social unrest and war. This kind of social situation pulled the political science to facing a new task,namely, how to build the social order in the base of individualism. This new topic in political science is the motivity of natural rights theory of Thomas Hobbes. the logical starting point of the natural right theory is The opposability of individual existence. the theory assumed the nature of Individual's were pursuiting all his desire,thus the person's individual identity could be established.As the conflict between the activities of individual desires and activities of others was unavoidable, others made hostility to one's existence,so there is a confrontational in individual, and made the the effective of self-preservation as an objective to the desire of individual existence.Individuals have different ways of confrontation, self-preservation of individuals have different effects. That's the necessary of using scientific method to reviewing and comparing the different way in individual existance.Hobbes first analyzed individual direct confrontation way. the former is the way considering his own desire first no matter how the other's demand,he was not under the desire of others to limit their desires,it is not any restrictions.in this way, the scope and fight against the individual means are infinite, the way of individual confrontation is direct.In this direct confrontation, the individual has an infinite natural right, that the natural right of all things. the individual desires of the unrestricted caused direct confrontation between the desires of individual activities with others. Individual has to expanding his mandatory force to maintaining his exist. However,the hostility couldn't be eliminated since the individual hasn't no more strength than the others.so the hostility to others was infinite,and cause the war between oneself and another.In this state of war,the individual couldn't get self-preservation.Therefore, an individual's natural rights is not feasible.Hobbes subsequently analysed the relative priority of individual self-existence and the indirect confrontation by the mathod of natural law.The principle of equality is the substance of a rational natural law, which requires the individual take the same attitude between themself and others.The relative priority of the existence of oneself is a practical form of equality principle.In the form of which practice, individual decided his legitimate desire according to the principle of equality, on the other hand,individual satisfied his justifiable demand by the principle of self-priority. The scope and method against the individual existence are limited, the way of individual confrontation is indirect which could only as a preparedness, punishement,compensition in case of the justifiable interests be violated. In this indirect confrontation,the individual has a limited natural rights, including equality of personal rights, property rights and discretion. As there was big competition between individual and others,individual must rely on some compulsive power to eliminate this hostility so as to set up a equal relation and estabilsh alliance with others.However, the disruption and conflict in the natural alliance would take place usually and couldn't be sustained in a long time, which makes the individual couldn't establish an equal relations with others and perserve himself in the way of self-relative priority. In conclusion, a limited natural rights in individual isn't feasible.Hobbes Finally analysed the way of individual existence with the priority of others and in which there is a way of negative confrontation.The priority of others constructed by principle of absolute sovereignty.It is also a practical form of equality which individual admitted the priority of sovereignty,hang up itself desire,obey the sovereignty's will,then set up a equal relationship with others.in this way, individuals in the general can not resist the will of the sovereign to maintain their existence.only in extreme condition,that is,the rule of the sovereign serious damage the interest of individual,Individual was able to resist the will of the sovereign to protect their own existence.therefore,the way of individual confrontation is negative,but in such a confrontational way, Individuals have a negative natural rights. And other subjects as sovereignty, rational and moral capacity of incomplete manner in the presence of other priorities, the others still have unlimited individual hostile, which makes the whole existence of individual hardship. Hobbes believes that to make the plight of the individual out of the way there is through education and the subjects of the sovereign capacity of the moral and rational culture. Education as a means of individual desire to achieve the legitimate rights of the individual nature of the society. Natural rights are not only being retained in the individual's subjective area, or is only used in extreme condition,but also through the exchanges between individuals and others to change the ideas of others such subjective social manner to achieve.The creativity of Hobbes theory is that he demonstrates the social nature of individual natural rights in a roundabout way. A reasonable individual natural rights, that is not a subjective arbitrary desire, nor the individual in the universal principle of priority to achieve the legitimate desire, nor is this a legitimate desire of the purely subjective, but the exchange with others to achieve their legitimate desires. In this society of individual natural rights, the individual's opposability also has a positive meaning. The shortage of Hobbesian natural rights theory is that the natural rights of the individual socialization was not undestaned very well. The individual's natural rights couldn't be expressed and realized by individual's more active political participation.