The Philology Achievement Of Lv Si-mian

Lv Simian is a famous historian in modern time,not a professional philogogist.But his achievements on philology is comprehensive and abundant,so he is also a successful philogogist that should not be overstated.This paper attempts to comprehensively investigate Lv simian's life and writings.To abstract and generalize his philological thoughts and contribution through bibliography.the study of differentiating right from wrong,historical study,historiography and historical verification.etc.Lv Simian(1884-1957),his nickname was Chengzhi.He was born in wujin(today's changzhou) Jiangsu province. He engaged in cultural and historical research and education for a long time.In his life he wrote two General History.Four History by Dynasty,and he wrote monographs in different reams such as social and cultural history,history of political system,history of nationality, academic history,thought history, history of historiography, reading method of historical records, literary history, etymology.Besides there are a lot of historiographical essay, notes, scripts,teaching materials and historical gender popular books.The total number of words in his writ tings is over10million.so he is a real prolific writer. His academic activities and achievements were marked the mark of his time.His academic thought inheritaged the learning characters and academic pursuits of Changzhou scholarship.In the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing period the learning style is precise,truth-seeking and weight of evidence.which influenced Lv simian so much.The passion of national pride and patriotic emotion made LV simian's academic full of spirit of patriotism and reverence of Chinese traditional academic.He also actively learned from the fruits of western civilization and didn't antiforeign blindly.His academic is open-minded.not conservative. Lv simian's academic achievement benefited from his erudite through paternal teaching and influence.Lv Simian attached must importance to catalogue and bibliography in the process of learning and teaching,specially to the important functions of bibliography.He wrote a bibliographical book Zi Jing Jie Ti for the beginner.This book is a bibliographical monography that is to directing reading the ancient books and has bibliographical nature. He elaborately made a list of required reading in terms of important ancient books Jing Bu and Zi Bu,The book was simplict and popular, and brief and to the point,which benefited the young students of his contemporary time.Except the bibliographical monography,in order to guide the beginners' reading he devoted to compiling many instructions for reading,and he successively complied birds of books in different disciplines which mainly contained,Shi Bu SHU Mu Ju Yao,Shi Ji XUan Wen Mi Mu,Gu Shu Ming ZHUXuan Du Ni Qu. These books were all his findings that learned from reading the history Even today the books have guideline value for the youth learning.Chinese ancient books are difficult in differentiating right from wrong.The widespread of pseudograph is a common phenomenon.The study of differentiating right from wrong has a long history. This part relates to describing Lv simian's achievements on study of differentiating right from wrong from three main aspects:the thought,practive,method of this study.Lv's thought of differentiating right from wrong on documents can mainly generalized that the ancient book was neither allowed to be credulous nor to be skeptical; If the books were not totally pseudo,most pseudographs had their own uses;Not only layer caused by tried to ancient history. But some ancient history was gradually forgotten and lost.If we did not see the recorder with our own eyes,we couldn't judged whether the book was real or not;There were no significant difference between the reliability of the notes of the classics and the classics.The practice of differentiation was mainly involved many ancient books differentiated by Lv simian. Lv's practice of differentiating right from wrong was neither blindly believe the ancient books nor blindly suspect them.He differentiated and sorted out the ancient documents based on the spirit of seeking the truth from facts. The conclusions of differentiation he made were pertinent and credible.Later his assertions were proved obvious accurate according to a large amount of archaeological finds.The main methods of differentiate the documents are according to the situation of quotation and inheritance,the reasonal reasoning.the examples on ancients books,the literary style and diction,the author's thought.the evolution of the system,and the geographical evolution of the system,and the geographical evolution to differentiating right from wrong.Lv Simian paid much attention to historical materials when he investigated history.Hehad many discussions about the contents and extend,category,value and search textual criticism,applied principles and methods of historical materials.These discussions were characteristic and valuable. He expanded a broad spectrum of historical materials,In his opinion,the spectrum of historical materials was not only limited to the traditional" SI BU ",He believed any textual materials and abundant physical materials are all historical materials.He also noticed the materials at his contemporary time and made great efforts to searching and compiling.Lv simian classified historical materials into"Two Sorts" and "Nine Categories" His classification of thinking for historical was not Chinese traditional classification of thinking and obviously influenced by the western. He laid special stress on searching and compiling the historical materials and emphasized that according to a certain special subject to searching and compiling.The top priority was made the compilation of historical materials. He specialized in generalizing the methods of differentiation on books, physical materials and antiqueness. He had his own analysis and judgment in terms of the value of different historical materials. A prominent feature of Lv simain's value on historical materials is his special emphasis on the common historical documents like Twenty-four Histories (dynasty histories from remote antiquity till the Ming Dynasty)Lv Simian had many unique insights and creations on historiography. There was a diverse genres of Chinese historical records. The "Summary sikuquanshuzongmu"(complete literary in the Four Branches of Literary)divided the History of Department for15categories: official history, chronicle, chronicle ins and outs, separate history, unofficial history, dahir(zhaoyi) and memorials (zongyi), biography, historical notes, historical records, season, geography, official status, political books, catalogue and history assessment. In his works Lv simian analyzed these15categories respectively. He attached much importance to historical notes. compilation of historical documents and extracts. The style of his works of general history and history by period is a novel innovation, which was regarded as a comprehensive type of JI SHI BEN MO(a kind of historical form regarding historical affairs) and DIAN ZHI (code-chi). He made analysis on conventions of ancient books. The conventions of ancient books he generalized are:ancient woks in the pre-Qin period were spreaded in a spoken way, the scholars focused on spread the books in a spoken way and discounted write down them.Most pre-Qin scholars didn't write book, the existing books were wrote by the learners who learned their thought, if there were educated materials, the educated materials were direct recorded and copied in the book and not modified. They could not make sure these materials are right or wrong. If the book writers convinced the words are true, they passed on them with conviction. While if they doubted the words they passed on them with suspicion. Most ancients sticked to one school of thought when they researched scholarship, their thoughts were one pure thought and not mixed with other schools of thought, so an ancient book just recorded one school of thought; the ordinary affairs would not wrote in the book which is the convention of history.Lv Simian scored tremendous achievements on historical textual research. A large portion of his writings that more than thousands of words was relate to textual works of ancient history, including some professional textual paper, most writings were wrote in a type of notebook, then collected together to republic. Some textual fruits and his writings had reached an organic integration. The reason why he scored great textual achievements is inseparable from his academic tenet—truth-seeking; he believed the core tenet on academic is truth-seeking. His success on textology was also contributed to his broad knowledge, to he carried on old customs of study style of Qing Dynasty, and to his hobbies.Lv Simian laid stress on the textual research of historical facts in the process of historical research. His methods of textual research are characteristics and complete, including use documents source to textual research; the method of rational reasoning; textual research based on archaeological result; textual research based on custom; according to the common historical materials in ancient books to prove the extraordinary historical facts; the historical verification due to different time and place; textual research based on examples; the methods of exegesis(explanation of words in ancient books); discover the real meanings of words and expressions; prove the history based on literary materials; textual research of causation, comparison, ancient practices and characters.