| The contemporary China is going through a rapid-economic-growth and deep-going transformation historical period .This period is not only a strategic opportunity of social development, but also a critical period of the various contradictions and problems. During this period, China can or not leap over "the dragon gate",It depends on various factors, but "economic development "is the decisive factor. And we must especially focus on the existing problems of public economy and private economy, and from how to coordinate or optimize both relationships, start to exposure to the scientific development of China's economy on track.Observed in our current economic practice, not difficult to find, the Chinese economy is clearly facing many constraints problems from outside and its own; The public economic problems is highlighting, it is hindering China's economy reformed and developed deeply; There are a lot of conflicts and problems between the public economy and private economy, it including direct or indirect, macro or micro, deep or shallow, and the existing or future. To Study and solve these problems is the origin of this writing, but also the research significance. On relationship of public and private economy, Chinese and foreign economists have a different focus from different angles. Western economists in modern times put the market economy as the central axis, and elaborate the both side relationship from the public sector activities, market and government relations, government functions, the supply of public goods; Marxist classical writers put the mass-society-production as the basis, put the planned economy as the central axis, elaborate the both side relationship from the national public, public expenditure, the need for macro-control, consolidation description of the proletarian political power. Some of our economists and theorists put our reality conditions as the basis, illustrate the both side relationship from the border of public economy and private economy, the reality aspects of the relationship. From the Marxist position and point of view, adhering to the empirical and normative approach of the public economy and private economy, we can correctly analyze the current situation and problems of the relationship,and identify the optimal path and scientific relations to optimize both relationship. Studying the relationship of public economy and private economy logically and theoretically. Public economy refers to the economic activities of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of the public goods carried out by the social public sector to promote the public welfare through government regulation. Public welfare is its essential attribute, which determines the free, compulsory and planned features, and the government allocation of resources, adjusting income distribution and to stabilize the economy functions. Private economy refers to the economic activities of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of the private goods carried out by personals, enterprises and other economic agents to maximize profit in the market mechanism. The private economy have some features of interests,paid,spontaneous,and the functions of the allocation of resources with market regulation, meeting the needs of the people and the accumulation of social wealth. The relation of public economy and private economy is logically the unity of opposites: on one hand, the public economy and private economy are integrated in the economic practice, the latter is the prerequisite and basis for the former, while the former provides services and security for the latter, they appeared at the same time, and with a similar operation mechanism; on the other hand, they are different from each other in subject, object, purpose, function, operation mechanism and nature to meet the needs, while they restrict each other in the possession of resources and socio-economic system. In addition, their positive interaction promotes the social and economic development. By the logical relationship, we can be drawn the logic border areas of the target boundaries, the property boundaries, the scale boundary.Studying the historical evolution of the public economy, private economy and their relations at historical and practical perspective. The primitive society economic form is hard to determine "public"or "private", but it became clear in its later. In long history from the slavery society to the feudal society, the private economy and public economy are slowly increasing. The private economic growth performance as the improvement of agricultural production tools and production increases, more types of handicrafts and exquisite crafts, business expanded and prospered; The public economy growth performance as the reform of the public tax system, the increase of the public utilities, the government "re-farming" or "Mercantile" implementation of the policy of economic intervention, and so on. In early capitalism, the private economy develop rapidly, the public economy has gradually followed too. Under the conditions of contemporary capitalism, the private economy and public economy is basically formed a complementary and together state. Visible, the private economy and public economy and its relations is a dynamic natural history process under a variety of interaction factors, in which the public economy showed the status and role rising, the structure optimizing gradually.Looking from the economic practice since the founding and the current economic situation, China's public economy, private economy has made great achievements, and there are also serious problems. The achievements include: economic reform let the "government" and "market" step by step to "carry out their duties"; gradual shift of government functions, private economy get a bigger growth space, and rapid growth; the public and private economic relationship have a significant improvement at the subject relationship, the supply of public goods and private goods, the co-ordination of the market mechanisms and government regulation mechanisms. The existing problems include: the co-exist both the loss spaces and the imbalance in public economy; the co-exist both environmental constraints and self-restraint in private economy; the public economy and private economy are to optimized at the boundary region, the main body, positive interaction as well as region and industrial layout. And the cause of these problems includes: the root cause is that the overall level of economic development is not high and imbalance; the primary cause is transition stretching of government functions; the important reason is the drawbacks of traditional property rights system; the direct cause is the defects of the public economic system.From the current situation of the public economy, the private economy and its relationship, we must establish optimization objectives, principles, contents, mechanisms and evaluation criteria. The optimization objectives are to make them complementary, mutual promotion, coordinated together, and to gradually achieve balanced Pareto optimal state. To achieve this goal we must adhere to the efficiency principle of coordinated development, the fairness principle of the social harmony, the stability principle of economic balance, and the sustainable principle of economic development. The content of optimizing their relationship has three aspects: First, to optimize internal relations of the public economy,including: scientific orientation for the public economy, to correct the absence, offside and dislocation of public economy; reasonably determine the scope of public economic activity and create the public economy good environment; co-ordination within the various aspects and field of the public economy, improving quality and capacity of the public economy as a whole. Second, optimizing the environment for the private economic development and its internal relations, including: optimized the private economic development environment for its full development to create the necessary economic conditions; optimized the economic private relations to improve the competitiveness of private economy itself. Third, to optimize the relationships between the public economy and the private economy, including: accurate determination of the public economic and private economic agents; reasonably determine the boundaries of the public economy and private economy; to optimize the layout of the public economy and the private economy; to establish scientific, efficient public economic system. Optimizing the relations of the public economy and private economy need to build a sound, efficient and science mixed economic system. Evaluated the relationship of the public economy and private economy will need to focus on the premise and the results of the two aspects.Optimizing the relationship of the public economy and private economy we must target their own development space, which are to devise reasonably their both territories. At this stage divised sector areas of the public economy and the private economic, should consider China's basic national conditions, social division labor laws, the requirements of social transformation, and the efficiency and fairness principle of goods supply. We can devise the areas of the both boundary at present stage by based on goals, functions, rights and scale. From the extension point of view, at present stage the range of the public economy and the private economy can be divided into two aspects of the common scope and character range. The common public economy include various kinds such as protecting the people of survival,security,development,freedom and enjoyment; The character public economy include various kinds such as solving the major contradictions in China at this stage, achieving social transformation and building a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious society Capitalist countries. The common private economy is that the economy kinds to protect the people living, security, development, freedom and enjoyment; the character private economy is the form that is mainly targeted at transition. We should divide reasonably the territories of the public economy and the private economy to optimizate their relationship.Optimizing the relationship of the public economy and private economy we must improve the mechanism of economic adjustment, establish a sound, efficient and scientific system of mixed economy. There are some problems in our current market economic system and public economic system. The main problems of market economic system are that the market system is not perfect, the microscopic foundation of the market economy is not perfect, yet to improve market order, a variety of markets barriers are being and the legal environment still need optimization. The questions of public economic system are that the transformation of government functions lag, the public economic decision-making is no more scientific and democratic enough, the government administrative system do not meet the market reform, between government agencies at all levels have the ill-defined powers and responsibilities of public economic and social fields structural reform and institutional construction is lagging behind and so on. In addition, the market economic system and the public economic system also exist many uncoordinated issues. Mixed economic system is the inevitable choice of the modern society; China's current socialist market economic system is essentially a mixed economy. Establish a sound, efficient and scientific mixed economic system, the first is necessary to improve the market mechanism, enhancing the efficiency of mixed economic system; the second is to enhance the level of government regulation, and enhance the scientific nature of mixed economic system. Optimizing the relationship between the public economy and the private economy must drive the "wheel" of mixed economic system——to coordinate government regulatory mechanisms and market mechanisms, to solve the public economy outside and imbalance, and the private economy "double binding", and to address their contradictions.Optimizing the relationship of the public economy and private economy we must regulate property rights, establish a modern property rights system. There are many civil rights issues in our real economy. The property rights problems of the public economy including: the absence of government responsibility co-exist with the offside; the main supply of the upper and lower levels of public property, rights and responsibilities between the regions need to be adjusted; the public economy property rights need to strengthen regulation and control mechanisms; the rural public goods have the main large responsibility, but the power is small, and the financial resources is weak, resulting in the lack supply of public goods in rural areas. The private property rights problems as follows: the right of the private economic agents to engage in economic activity still cannot get full, protect completely; The public enterprises producing private goods have a serious problem of lack of clarity of property rights; clear property rights and blur property rights co-exist; There is a single ownership structure in the private economy, and the dominance phenomenon is still serious. At this stage norm of public property and private property rights, optimizing the relationship of the public economy and private economic, should definite reasonably both public property rights and private property rights; deepen the public economic reform and market economic reform, and establish modern property rights system; coordinate the relationship between the public property rights and the private property rights.Optimizing the relationship of the public economy and private economy we must build the development environment, to seek the complementary and together"ecology niche"of the public economy and the private economy. Studied the public economy and the private economy as a "ecology niche", we should be good to expand the international "ecology niche" space, to enhance international competitiveness; to create a standardized and efficient institutional environment; to construct a good political, cultural and natural resources environment to benefit to optimizate the relationship between the public economy and the private economy.
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