Based On The Entrepreneurial Social Capital Perspective To Study On Entrepreneurial Orientation Of Enterprises And Mechanism

Along with the depth of economic globalizations and rapid development of scientific technology, the survival environment of enterprises becomes much more dynamic and complicated. More and more enterprises have realized that in intense market environment in order to acquire and maintain competitive advantage, enterprises need constantly innovate about products and technology, and proactively pursuit market opportunities, through relevant activities of entrepreneurial orientation to promote their growth and development. Entrepreneurial orientation of the enterprises plays an increasingly prominent role to explore potential market opportunities, expand the business field and seek competitive advantage etc. Consequently, entrepreneurial orientation is regarded as an effective strategy for enterprises to overcome uncertain environment, getted the more and more attention from the theoretical and practical field.Since the reformation and opening-up policy of our country, our private economy and private enterprises have developed rapidly. The private enterprises have made great contribution to China's national economy for economically sustained, stable and healthy development, and have become the basis and an important component of socialist market economy. Whereas a lot of local private enterprises belong to the family firms in China, due to various reasons, the study to family firms in China as an important branch of management has just started. The current research about the family firms is focusing on the intergenerational inheritance, the governance mode, capital management and financing of family firms, but about entrepreneurship research of family firms is relatively rare. Compared to the related areas of mainstream economics and management, the study of family firms is a young discipline, and has many problems still remain to be further resolved, such as the source of survival and development of family firms is still a question and not clearly demonstrated, relevant empirical studies are rare.In the course of development of family firms, it often occurrs the phenomenon which the first generation is filled with entrepreneurship, and the second generation is content with the status quo, at last the third generation losts the wealth of the whole family, or called "the wealth is no more than three generations". How to achieve "Build to last" is not only the entrepreneur's interest, but also draws many scholars to explore and solve the topic. Among the importance we cannot ignore the important role of entrepreneur (or entrepreneurs) which plays an important influence for success of entrepreneurial actives. Therefore, this study analysis the entrepreneurial actives of family firms from social capital and network perspective, from entrepreneurs' social psychological traits gradually transferred to the social system background where entrepreneurs have embedded, as the point of this we construct the framework of the study, put forward the integration and analysis model about entrepreneurs social capital, entrepreneurial orientation of family firms and organizational performance relationship, along the "entrepreneurs social capital-entrepreneurial orientation of enterprises-organizational performance" logic thinking, collecting the data of family firms as sample from some developed economic regions of China, we engage in the theoretical and empirical research about the dimensions of entrepreneurs social capital affecting entrepreneurial orientation of family firms which has affect on the organizational performance, trying to probe the inner-relation among entrepreneurs social capital, entrepreneurial orientation of family firms and organizational performance, and explaining the mechanism. In order to achieve the goal, we study the following problems:â‘ the validation about dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation of family firms;â‘¡the relationship between entrepreneurial social capital and entrepreneurial orientation family firms;â‘¢the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation of family firms and organizational performance. Through an empirical research, case analysis, and a meta-analysis about entrepreneurial orientation of enterprises and organization performance, we try to reveal.the essence of survival and development about family firms.As to the first question, our result shows that entrepreneurial orientation of family firms is a multidimensional construct, including innovative, risk-taking and proactive; and these dimensions can vary dependently. Data sources mainly adopted in some economically developed areas including 150 family firms as research samples, we use quantitative research methods, through exploratory factor analysis from a batch of independent small sample data extracting the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation of family firms, analyze the three dimension of innovative, risk-taking and proactive about entrepreneurial orientation of family firms; At the same time, we also use case analysis further complementing and enriching the contents of entrepreneurial orientation of family firms. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis is to assure the robustness of this constructs:three-dimensional structure stability. The conclusion shows that the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation of family firms can vary dependently, not the more the better about the level of these dimensions, this is a balanced process according to the specific situations, needs appropriately match, and it is not to say that these dimensions reaches the expected level that indicates the family firms are entrepreneurial enterprises, promoting the further development of relevant theoretical field.As to the second question, the relational dimension, structural dimension and cognitive dimension of entrepreneurial social capital have positive effects on the innovative, risk-taking and proactive dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation of family firms. Relational capital is in a large extent to bring family firms willing to assume the risk, and positively affects the innovation level of family firms; Structured capital significantly positive influences on the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation of family firms; the cognitive capital affects on the entrepreneurial orientation of family firms, along with the innovative and proactive dimensions.As to the third question, first of all, we conducted the meta-analysis about the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation of enterprises and organizational performance, the result indicates that the whole entrepreneurial orientation of enterprises is helpful to the promotion of organization performance. In addition, as to the family firms, we consider the two important moderator variables-environmental dynamics and generational involvement which have the effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation of family firms and organizational performance. The result shows that the moderating effect is with the different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation of family firms. Specifically, generational involvement significantly positively moderates the relationship between innovative, risk-taking dimensions and organizational performance, revealing in the second generation family firms appear more high level entrepreneurial orientation and a higher performance level. For environmental dynamics, it significantly positive moderates the relationship between innovative dimension and organizational performance; its moderating effect is also positive to the relationship between proactive dimension and organizational performance.When considering the moderating effect of multiple variables, our result verifies the moderating effect of the generational involvement and environmental dynamics to the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation of family firms and organizational performance, and proves these effects are along with the different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation of family firms. The conclusions are helpful to deeply insight and understand the effects of generational involvement and environmental dynamics to moderate the relationship between the entrepreneurial orientation of family firms and organizational performance.Synthesizing the main conclusions of this study, compared with the previous studies, the main innovate points are:from entrepreneurs social capital perspective we construct the research framework about the relationship of "entrepreneurial social capital-entrepreneurial orientation of family firms-organizational performance", enriching and deepening the existing related theory about family firms inheritance and corporate entrepreneurship. Testing the scale and measurement about entrepreneurial orientation of family firms in transition economies, analyzing the reliability and validity of the scale, promoting the application context of the entrepreneurial orientation, further complementing and enriching the theory of corporate entrepreneurship. We also emphasize the effect of entrepreneurial social capital on entrepreneurial orientation of family firms, and the effect lies in the different dimensions of entrepreneurs social capital on the different dimensions of the entrepreneurial orientation of family firms, it helps to deepen understand the role and function of entrepreneurs social capital, supplement and make up the explanations about role of entrepreneur human capital in entrepreneurial process in current most studies and how entrepreneurial social capital affects entrepreneurial activities in family firms. At last, we introduce the new moderator-generational involvement, and combine environmental dynamics to explore the mechanism of effect about entrepreneurial orientation of family firms on organizational performance, trying for making more clear explanations about the entrepreneurial orientation of family firms affecting on performance, being helpful to promote family firms engaging in entrepreneurial activities smoothly, keep the family firms competiveness for a long time and last forever.