Study On The Evaluation And Motivation Mechanism In Cleaner Production Of Oil-gas Field Enterprises

As the nation's important energy production base, oil and gas fields provide oil resources to the society, but at the same time contaminate the environment. Along with the increasing global environment problems, competition between international oil and gas industries is becoming more intense. As the nation's energy production base and a big consumer of energy, oil-gas field enterprises have great responsibilities. Eco-design, energy-recycling, cleaner production and sustainable development have become significant signs for the enterprises to elevate their core competence. The cleaner production, as an environment strategy, can deal with problems between resource exploitation and environment protection well. On the one hand, the strategy can internalize the outer circumstances economically to achieve the optimum control and minimize the society expenses. On the other hand, it can further promote environmental management system of the enterprises and the level of preventing and controlling pollution and help them to build a good social image. Moreover, it also can transform the enterprises'economic growth pattern, and construct green and ecological oil fields to realize the coordinated growth of economy and environment.At the process of cleaner production, there are many obstacles which make the task very difficult for oil-gas field enterprises. Among them the two greatest obstacles are the lack of unified evaluation and motivation mechanism. Because of the lack of unified evaluation system, the quality, level and achievement of the job can not be described quantitatively which greatly hinders the cleaner production's evaluation and implementation. In addition, although the nation has promulgated the Cleaner Production Facilitation, the enthusiasm of the enterprises to carry out cleaner production can not be enhanced for the lack of stimulation mechanism. So it is especially important to do researches on the evaluation and motivation problems of cleaner production in order to help oil-gas field enterprises to promote their environmental management system, and achieve economic, environmental and social benefits of unification. At last, the goal of sustainable development for enterprises can be realized.In the Evaluation Index System for 21 Industries issued by our nation, there is no one aimed at oil industry until now. It is the production complexity that makes it difficult to set an accepted qualitative evaluation standard. So to set up a reasonable evaluation index system is the basis to evaluate the cleaner production. Through the analysis of production features of oil-gas field enterprises, this thesis establishes an evaluation system including two parts—qualitative and quantitative, according to different production characteristics in different links. The qualitative evaluation system can apply to any production link. And the quantitative evaluation system is based on General Principles of Industry Cleaner Production Evaluation Index System. Learning from General Principles of Cleaner Production Evaluation Index System for Coal Industry, this system formulates different norms according to the five links with detailed explanation, and takes the oil production factory for an example. On the meanwhile, this thesis straightens out the evaluation train of thought, standardizes the evaluation steps and selects correct evaluation methodology to lay the foundation for evaluating cleaner production scientifically and reasonably.It is observed that reasonable stimulating policy can play an important role in propel the enterprises'cleaner production via the game between the government and enterprises. Two different environment policies can influence enterprises'choice. Under the order-control environmental policy, enterprises are forced to carry out cleaner production and will be punished by the government if not. And the government must strengthen their supervision to achieve environment goal. Thus it costs much but has low efficiency. On the contrary, under marketable environment policies, the government can not only bring about environmental benefit by the way of designing motivation policy, but also bring the enterprise some economic benefits. The government can build an information distribution system, distributing information about cleaner production technology, management and policies to the society timely through modern information technology and lead the enterprise to tap the potential and upgrade the technology, and launch information consultant, technology popularization, propagating and training and so on. At the same time, the government should reinforce the propaganda and guidance of cleaner production, and carry out publicity and education vigorously for the purpose of deepening people's understanding of the significance of cleaner production. Moreover, the government should take the lead to use products made by enterprises who have realized cleaner production, guiding the public towards green consumption.In terms of the constructed cleaner production evaluation index system, the author did empirical study on the cleanness of production condition of Shengli Oil Production Factory. The results show that the cleanness condition is not very satisfying. The fundamental approach to settle that problem is to build up a reasonable motivation mechanism. The first step is to construct a system which consists of external and internal stimulating parts and then to propose detailed stimulating measures. As to realizing external stimulation, the government should make laws, regulations and corresponding economic policies to inject driving forces into corporations, and meanwhile give full play to the public market surveillance. To fulfill internal stimulation, the corporation, as the executive subject of cleaner production, should continuously improve its managerial and administrative expertise, and innovate in cleaner production technology to increase economic returns. Finally, by the joint efforts of the government, the public and the enterprise, the unification of economic, environmental and social benefits will be accomplished together with sustainable development of enterprises.