| ABSTRACT:In China, with distinct Chinese characteristics, Industry Research Institutes (IRIs) is the backbone of Chinese scientific and technological innovation system and the main force for China to climb the peak of science and technology. As a special form of industrial organization, Chinese IRIs is an important part of China National Science and Technology Innovation System, it also bears responsibility of industrial progress and development in science and technology and is directly related to China's economic and social sustainable development and core competitive ability of every industry. In particular Central Industry Research Institutes (CIRIs), formerly belonged to ministries and commissions of the State Council of China, as the "national team" among IRIs, always in the most high-end of industries value chain, play a decisive role in the process of Chinese occupying position in world industry division. Therefore, it has very important theory and practical significance for China's economic development, industrial structure adjustment and upgrade to scientificly evaluate efficiency level of Chinese IRIs and optimize allocation of relatively limited resources of science and technology.This paper systematically summarizes theories of efficiency and scientific and technological resource allocation, relationships of efficiency and scientific and technological resource allocation; define concepts of efficiency and scientific and technological resource allocation, and scope of this study. With combined with China's national conditions, the author constructs a distinctive efficiency evaluation index system for Chinese IRIs. And on this basis the author collects a large number of data, using methods of data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index analysis, makes an empirical analysis on efficiency and scientific and technological resource allocation of Chinese IRIs. Study found that:overall efficiency of Chinese IRIs is low, scientific and technological resource allocation is unreasonable; there also exists some negative factors in development of Chinese IRIs, such as:management extensive, smaller scale, market structure and property rights structure is unreasonable, lack of innovation, efficiency of capital use is low, and risk control mechanism is not perfect, etc..The author thinks, improving scientific and technological resources allocation both inside and outside of Chinese IRIs can improving their efficiency level, the main methods and paths are summed up as "an optimization, five upgrades".First is to optimize innovative environment by establishing unified management system of scientific and technological resources. The main measures are:to unify budget preparation of science and technology, to co-ordinate management of scientific and technological research funds, to reasonably layout of national and industrial research and development network of China, to establish investment systems from multiple sources for scientific and technological research projects, to strengthen financial support for scientific and technological innovation system, to standardize intellectual property rights protection system, and to build a sound service system for scientific and technological achievement transformation.Second is to upgrade market efficiency by constructing a market structure of monopolistic competition. The main measures are:to make scientific and technological resources both moderately concentrated and relatively dispersed, to build a monopolistic competition market structure of the large IRIs as the dominant, the small and medium-sized IRIs to coexist; to eliminate barriers of entry for establishment of an efficient market of science and technology, make overall IRIs under the market mechanism of "survival of the fittest", enhance efficiency of scientific and technological resources both in utilization and allocation.Third is to upgrade scale efficiency by developing the backbone role of large IRIs. The main measures are:to enhance scientific and technological innovation ability of Chinese IRIs, reform property right systems of Chinese IRIs, promote Chinese IRIs in mergers and acquisitions.Fourth is to upgrade management efficiency by making management mode and human resources allocation better. The main measures are:to promote Chinese IRIs of intensive management, cultivation Chinese IRIs of comprehensive management, strengthen management of scientific and technological research funds, reduce waste of money, as well as integration and improvement of human resources allocation both in science and technology. Fifth is to upgrade transaction efficiency by promoting cooperation and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The main measures are:to promote cooperation of IRIs, universities and enterprises in science and technology market; to increase scientific and technological research funds and establish scientific and technological research project of market oriented; use the system of government procurement and other preferential policies to guide and support industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.Sixth is to upgrade production efficiency by adjusting focus investment directions of scientific and technological resources. The main measures are:to give priority to development of information industry, support IRIs of leading position in science and technology; to strengthen infrastructure construction, encourage IRIs master industrial core technologies; promote development of high-tech industry, develop main force effect of IRIs in science and technology.In the process of research, the author has always adhered to proceed from special position and functions both in nation and industry of Chinese IRIs. In order to promote scientific and technological innovation ability of every industry in China's national economy and IRIs of its own as the goal, combined with Chinese characteristics of scientific and technological management system reform and the newest progress situation, the author constructes an ordinary Chinese IRIs efficiency evaluation index system, and through empirical research and analysis of Chinese CIRIs, finally reaches relevant conclusion and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The paper is an useful exploration and innovation on efficiency evaluation and scientific and technological resource allocation of Chinese IRIs.
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