Research On Entrepreneurs' Decision Making Mechanism Of Adoptive Management Innovation

As the rapid change of technology reform and market demand in the fiercer and fiercer competitive state, innovation has become the main source for improving organizational performance and acquiring competitive advantages. Although in the whole innovation research area, technological innovation which is able to bring direct and obvious competitive advantages had dominated during last one hundred years, since the market tends to homogenize and the differentiation competition advantage from technologies, businesses and services has been weaken, management innovation has turned to be comparative advantage recent years in improving organization operation efficiency and performance, specifically in improving resources using efficiency, forcing enterprises to develop stably and healthily, enhancing core competency and building entrepreneur estate, so as to create continuous competency for organizations.As for the understanding of management innovation, two views exist in academic field: unprecedented innovation and adoptive innovation. According to an investigation into some enterprises of the national enterprises management modernization innovation achievement and china management innovation achievement, most domestic enterprises carry out innovations by introducing existing management practices and methods, with few unprecedented innovations. For one aspect, the main purpose of management innovation is to improve operation efficiency of organizations but not to meet the demand of consumers, so its demand on differentiation is not high; on the other aspect, most management practices or methods are not protected patent, which reduces obstacles for enterprises to introduce or imitate, In fact, since each organization is of a unique organism with its own special internal and external environment, they have to propose new innovative program by introducing existing management practices and combining them with specific problems and resources. Therefore, to adopt innovation does not mean to copy the fruits of other organizations.On the bases of collecting, analyzing and concluding the main content and methods of relevant research on management innovation, the research perspectives and methods for this paper has been selected:as for research perspective, it focuses on the factors of decision-makers or top managers of affecting elements perspective to explore the introduing mechanism of management innovation and deeply discuss how entrepreneurship orientaton, social network and cognition biases of decision-makers affect management innovation decision through innovation intention, knowledge acquirement and risk perception perspectively, with the purpose of unveil the balckbox of decision; as for motheds, it combines therical research with empirical research and qualitative with quantitive research to establish the model of management innovation introducing decision and then examine it. Specifically, it uses literature research, case study and statistic analysis method. The main content of this paper refers to following parts:Firstly, it explores the decision process of adoptive management innovation and divides the responsibility body for each step. The results indicate that, besides steps of specific problems diagnosing and program proposing, the responsibility body of all other steps from innovation intention raising, innovation knowledge acquiring, innovation program appraising to final choice making are decision makers or core managers. In other word, decision makers or core managers play an irreplaceable role in the process of introducing innovations. Meanwhile, the case of Jiangxi Mobile efficiency management innovation also proves the reliability of the process model. Based on the process exploration, this paper further promotes that innovation intention, knowledge acquirement and risk cognition of decision makers are affected by individual entrepreneurial orientation, social network and cognition biases respectively, and further establishes three-dimension introducing mechanism research framework of management innovation.Secondly, according to the theory of behavior mode that the track of human behaviors goes through the process from attitude to intention and finally to behavior, this paper attempts to take the perspective of individual entrepreneurial orientation of decision makers to set up a research framework that three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation referring to technological innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness entrepreneurial orientation affects management innovation level mediated by innovation intention. The results indicate that:all the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation positively affect management innovation introduction level; The Affecting path from entrepreneurial orientation to innovation intention and finally to management innovation decision accords with the concept of behavior theory of "attitudes to intentions to behaviors"; Innovation intention partially mediates the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on management innovation decision.Thirdly, as for adoptive management innovation, acquiring existing knowledge on management practice is an essential step. Since the embedded social network offers managers with not only information advantage but also economic benefit, it becomes the important channel for managers to gain knowledge on management innovation through extensive and diversified knowledge links. Therefore, from the perspective of individual social network of core managers, based on relevant literatures and the internal logic, this paper attempts to set up a research framework that four-dimension social network affect management innovation level mediated by three-dimension knowledge acquirement. The results of descriptive analysis and multi-regression analysis indicate that:strong but not weak ties of network positively affect management innovation introduction level; except network scale, all the other dimensions the number of structural holes, strong ties and network heterogeneity positively affect the management innovation introduction level; knowledge acquirement partially mediates the relationship between social network and the management innovation introduction level.Fourthly, since core managers of enterprises, who are directly responsible for management innovation decision, tend to perceive lower risk than the fact affected by cognitive biases, the high failure rate of management innovation has attracted extensive attention. Therefore, from the perspective of individual social network of core managers, based on relevant literatures and hypothesis, this paper attempts to set up a research framework that three major dimensions of cognition biases referring to overconfidence, illusion of control and representativeness affect management innovation level mediated by risk perception. The results of descriptive analysis and multi-regression analysis indicate that: overconfidence, illusion of control and representativeness is negatively associated to risk perception of managers; Risk perception is negatively associated to management innovation introduction level; Risk perception partially mediates the relationship between overconfidence, illusion of control and management innovation introduction level, but completely mediates the relationship between representativeness and management innovation introduction level.Based on research of each dimension, it finally integrates all three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, social network and cognition biases together to establish a decision model of introducing management innovation, and further improve the fitness of the model through both theoretical and index modification.