| For about30years the valuation of ecosystem services has been the focus of ecologicaleconomics and environmental economics, and China began the study since later1990s. In foreignresearches of land ecosystem services estimation,mostly follow the method of the Costanza's;While in domestic studies, mostly follow the method of Xie Gao-de's land unit area of theecosystem service value. China is in the special stage of the economic transformation, the conflictbetween ecological environment and socio-economic development is becoming increasinglyapparent. Due to the level of economic development and social civilization degree, the assessmentof land ecosystem services has been lagged behind. There are several problems exiting in this field.Firstly, assessment of land ecosystem service value is in static evaluation stage, ignoring thewillingness to pay of the different historical periods and different ecological resources scarcities andecological assets. Secondly, assessment model does not consider the services value of constructionland, which are generally assumed to be zero. Thirdly, most of researches analyzed of the totalecosystem service in a special region during a special period, while the spatial variationcharacteristics studies of ecosystem service is relatively weak. Fourth, internal mechanism of thechanges in the value of the land ecosystem services, especially the impact of human activities (suchas the process of urbanization) on the land ecosystem services mechanism is rarely reported. Inview of this, on the basis of international and domestic researches, taking the central city of theEconomic Zone on the Western Coast-Fuzhou as the research object, it use calendar year land usechange data as well as the1985and2007two SPOT5remote sensing image map of Fuzhou city asdata sources, then several parts of researches have been carried out in this thesis, main contents andresults are as follows:(1)According to global ecosystem and Chinese terrestrial ecosystem services valueevaluation results obtained by Costanza et al. and Xie Gao-di et al., and the state of the study area,this paper used substitution cost methods and prevented cost methods to estimate the influencingvalues of constructive lands on ecosystem services to analyze the change of ecosystem servicesvalue in Fuzhou. The results showed that the degree of land use increased, while the ecosystemservice values decreased, which was87,487.0878million RMB in1985,74,567.4633million RMBin1996,74,381.5086million RMB in2007. Woodland contributed over70％of the total servicevalue among the land use types．The value of soil formation and disposition, air regulation and airwater conservation occupied about46%of the total service value.(2)The evaluation of land ecosystem service is the hotspot of ecological economics andenvironmental economics. On the basis of reviewing the evaluation methods of ecosystem servicefunction valuation, analyzing the research progress of the evaluation methods correction, it putforward that the factors such as spatial heterogeneity, social development and resource scarcityshould be taken into account in the ecosystem service evaluation model. Based on the former studies and the characteristics of the research area, it took both cultivated and forest lands' biomassto build coefficient of spatial heterogeneity, both Engel's coefficient and urbanization to buildcoefficient of social development, population density to build coefficient of resource scarcity. Thenthe improved dynamic evaluation models were make up from the three coefficients. It took FuzhouCity as the study area. The effects showed that the annual static value of the land ecosystemservices in the city was estimated as38.948billion yuan, equal to14.77%of the local GDP in2009.The annual dynamic value was27.032billion yuan. The results showed that the output of theapproved model was more in accordance with the actual situation of all counties. Which couldprovide timely, exact and helpful information in decision making of land ecosystem conservationand social development, and had practical significance for land ecosystem construction andenvironment protection.(3)The relatively mature method-Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to beassociated with a questionnaire survey to evaluate the valuation of the ecosystem services of publicgreen spaces and rivers in center area of Fuzhou city. Using field research methods and thequestionnaire survey with the form of willingness to pay (WTP), we evaluated the influencingfactors to pay for the public green spaces and rivers ecosystem services combined with correlationanalysis and regression analysis. As a case study,1000payment card CVM questionnaires weresurveyed and836as useful quesionnaires were feed back. Distribution shape and rule of willingnessto pay were probed. The results showed that total value of the public green spaces and riversecosystem services was214.31million yuan, accounting for4.2%of the total value of the centralcity. T hrough multivariate statistical analysis in the case of public green spaces and riversecosystem recovery, some key factors were found to be quite important to WTP, such as the incomelevel, occupation and the distance between home and study area. Then the content dependency wereresearched in this thesis. The results showed that the "part-whole effect" and the"embedding effect" in this case study existed, but"sequencing effects "did not. There was a new effect as well, thatwas "equal effect".(4)The compartment theory was applied to simulate land ecosystem service value dynamicsunder different disturbance scenarios in the next three decades. The results showed that landscapestructure has undergone large changes, among which the changing land area was4.66million hm2from1985to2007, accounting for4%of the total area of Fuzhou. In different degree ofinterference, land ecosystem services changes were simulated using compartment theory. Theresults showed that the land ecosystem services value decreased with the increase of disturbanceintensity. On the basis of which, it proposed some land use strategies during the process of rapidurbanization.(5)According to each types of land use area of1993,2004and2009in Fuzhou city, andusing the unit ecosystem services value supplied by the former study, it calculated ecosystemservice value of the nine counties of Fuzhou. The results showed that:①There were large differences of ecosystem service value existing in the nine counties, in which the ecosystem servicevalue in the top three were Yongtai County, Mminhou County and Fuqing City, while, themunicipal districts, Changle City and Pingtan County were ranked down; from the service value ofper unit area, the coastal areas of Pingtan County, Lianjiang County and Fuqing City were higher,while the mountain area of Yongtai County, Minqing County and Luoyuan County were lower.②Based on the former study, Fuzhou was divided into three districts: the artificial regulation ofecological zones, semi-natural artificial restoration of ecological zones and natural regulation ofecological zones.(6)Using torque equilibrium point method to calculate the distribution center of Landecosystem services value. The results showed that the center of gravity of the different types of landecosystem services values were located near the administrative center and the geographic center ofFuzhou City. The moving trends of the gravity center of total value were from east to west,andsouth to north during1993to2004; while the trends were from west to east during2004to2009,and little change in the north-south direction.(7)Shannon entropy of land ecosystem services structure in each counties sequenced:Changle City, Fuqing City, Liangjiang County, Pingtan County, Minhou County, the City districts,Luoyuan County, Minqing County and Yongtai County. Shannon entropy of each types of landecosystem services structure sequenced: unused land, grass land, arable land, construction land,forest land, water land, and garden land. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the forest lands,waters land, grass land and construction land and other types were the main factors that affectingthe structure of information entropy of land ecosystem services. Using stepwise multiple regressionto analyze the impact of urbanization on information entropy of functional structure, it showed thatpopulation density, per capita disposable income of urban residents and the proportion of tertiaryindustry to GDP were the most significant three impact factors.(8)The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient of various types of land ecosystem services indifferent periods in Fuzhou were studied in this paper. The results showed that:①the ecosystem services spatial distribution of waters land and construction land were notrelatively balanced in each counties, while the spatial distribution of other types of land were in thereasonable state. The curvature of the various types land Lorenz curves were high in differentperiods In fuzhou, when taking per capita land ecosystem services into account. Wood land andgarden land were the only two types of land which's spatial distribution of per capita ecologicalservice functions were within the cordon, while the spatial distribution of arable land, grass land,unused land, construction land and water land per capita value of ecosystem services were all in thestate of "too large gap" or above.②The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient of ecosystem services of different land use intensityin different periods in Fuzhou were studied in this paper. The results showed that the ecosystemservices Lorenz curve of land use intensity2was almost close to the absolutely uniform line, which's spatial distribution was balanced and stable; the ecosystem services spatial distribution ofthe land use intensity3was in the state of "absolute average"; the land use intensity1was in theaverage state; while the land use intensity4was wandering around in the "cordon".③Using the cumulative percentage of the counties GDP against the Fuzhou city's GDP in2009as the horizontal axis, and the cumulative percentage of the counties land ecosystem servicesvalue against the Fuzhou city's in2009as the vertical axis, it drew the Lorenz curve. The resultsshowed that the curvature of the Lorentz curve was far away from the absolute average line, and theGini coefficient was0.613, the concentration factor was1.480, which meant ecological system andeconomic system were in a highly uncoordinated state.(9)Using STIRPAT model to study driving force factors of the Land ecosystem servicesvalue. The results showed that the STIRPAT model was fitted well to fit the relationship betweenthe land ecosystem services value and socio-economic indicators, which reflected that thepopulation, affluent degree, industrial structure and the urbanization rate would affect land ecologyservice value. To the land ecology service value (per capita service value in particular), the mostimportant factor was population growth.(10)The relationships between land ecosystem service value and population, economic,social were explored here using regression analysis. The results showed that land ecosystem servicevalue has good relationship with population, urbanization rate, GDP and per capita GDP, and all thecoefficient R were greater than0.580. The most relevant fator to land ecosystem service value wasurbanization rate, the second was GDP, the third was per capita GDP, and the fourth was population.While per capita ecosystem services value has linear negative correlation with population,urbanization rate, GDP and per capita GDP, all the coefficient R were greater than0.879. The mostrelevant fator to per capita ecosystem services value was population, the second was GDP, the thirdwas per capita GDP, and the fourth was urbanization rate.(11)The study period was divided into three periods,2000-2009,2000-2004and2005-2009,the coordination value of eco-economic were calculated for the three periods. The results showedthat: when the unit area as the calculation indicators to measure, the eco-economic coordinationvalue of the three periods were0.006,-0.0003and0.014, which meant that the ecological andeconomic in the study area was in mild coordination state, among which the early period was in themild state of conflict, but the late period was in the mild coordination state. When the per capita asthe calculation indicators to measure, the eco-economic coordination value of the three periods were-0.104,-0.057and-0.155, which meant that the ecological and economic in the study area was inmild conflict status, and the latter period was more serious than the former period. Among the ninecounties, the ecological and economic of Liangjiang County and Pingtan County were in amoderate level of coordination state; municipal districts was in a mild levels of conflict; while theother counties were in edge of the mild coordination.(12)Six kinds of upper and lower limits to order parameter were adopting in this paper, and then each kinds of coupling degree and coupling coordination degree according to respectiveupper and lower limits were calculated. Using there average represented the coupling degree andcoupling coordination degree of the study area, it showed that the values were high, which rangeswere between0.65and1, among which the relationship between ecology and economic in2000was in the run-in phase, and then it went into a high level of coupling phase. The results of couplingcoordination and dynamic coupling model were in agreement.
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