| The key point to develope modern agriculture is making the way which agricultural development transferred to the benign track of relying on agricultural science and technology,to fully get rid of the twin constraints of resources and the environment.That almost become the best choice in respective stage of historical development of all agriculturally advanced countries.On the basis of strictly following the law of development of agricultural science and technology,those countries established a distinctive agricultural industry technological innovation system and formed the basic support to national economic and social development.Under the guidance of innovative national strategy,our country adapted to the profound transformation of global economic integration,construct agricultural industry technology system of50agricultural products under the principle of "making the agricultural products as unit and the industry as main line",in order to comprehensively improving agricultural science and technology innovation capacity of China and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural industries,then ensuring the economic and social stability.As a newborn things,modern agricultural industry technology system is in the critical period of "forward with exploration".Therefore,it has an great importance to have comprehensive understanding of the system operation conditions and clarity the relevant problem,for the further complement of the internal management systems and timely correct as to ensuring system healthy operation.The study of this subject commenced on those background.This article take China Agricultural Research System as the research object,based on the study of transformation history of financial agricultural science and technology investment,further clarify the positioning of the modern agricultural industry technical system by research the historical relationship of agricultural development with financial science and technology investment.Through analysis of the status of modern agricultural industry technology system,we know about some basic condition,such as organizational structure,goal and task of system,daily management,funds management,assessment and evaluation and the problems existed.Through using input-output data of members in inner system and data from rural households of fixed point of observation outside,systematically measure the operational performance of modern agricultural industry technology system,and explores the factors affecting the operation performance of the system by taking kernel-level team members as an example,which deepens the understanding of the state of the system operation;through game characteristics analysis of system market to further discuss countermeasures to enhance the performance of system operation from the entity behavioral characteristics;through combing successful experience of agricultural industry technology system in foreign agriculture developed countries,to clear direction to promote the efficient operation of China Agricultural Research System.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) China Agricultural Research System is the new way of innovation and adjustment of public finance investment under the direction of innovation-oriented national strategy.Thorough analysis of history process of agricultural science and technology system reformation and public finance investment policy of our country since the founding of our country,we access to the following understanding:1.The historical process of agricultural research and institutional reform of our country can be roughly divided into three stages as follows:In planning economic system as the guidance which before1985, Under market economic system as the guidance which in the period of1985-2005,an innovative country strategy as the guidance which since2005.2.Almost all the agricultural science and technology policies and institutional arrangement or reformation in the market economic system are subject to market economic reform orientation,and almost reflect the combination of "market-oriented" and "government regulation".3.The promulgation of each agricultural science and technology policy is originated from the constant improvement on understanding level of the government for development law of agricultural science and technology.4.China Agricultural Research System is a new form for public financial investment seeking mechanism innovation under market economic system,and is also an important part and continuation of connotation of the national agricultural science and technology innovation system construction.(2) Historical experience shows that public financial investment in science and technology is an important factor for promoting agricultural development,promoting the construction of China Agricultural Research System with time urgency and historical importance.Using cointegration analysis and error correction model to find the historical relationship between financial agricultural science and technology investment and the development of agricultural industry.The empirical results shows that:there exist a stable equilibrium relationship between financial expenditure and industrial economic growth,in the long-term financial expenditure and forestry economic growth contribute to each other obviously,but some external policy intervention is necessary to maintain the positive interaction of the two; there is also a long-run equilibrium relationship between financial agricultural science and technology investment and the non-agricultural shift employment of agricultural labor force,and agricultural science and technology manpower investment has significantly positive effect on non-farm employment of the agricultural labor force,while agricultural science and technology investment has a low efficient,besides we found that the agricultural employment transferring of agricultural labor force is not the Granger cause for the increasing of agricultural science and technology financial resources and manpower investment,while early changes of agricultural science and technology financial resources and manpower investment are able to explain the changing condition of transferring employment of agricultural labor force.Construction of modern agriculture industry technology system is a new policy adjustment form of fiscal to agricultural science and technology which committed to answer how to implement combination of agriculture basic scientific research with technology integration or demonstrates,and implement combination of independent innovation of agricultural technology with the market demand,then implement combination of the advantage region distribution of agricultural industry with the whole industry competitiveness,and so on.(3)System operation has achieved initial results,but there are some shortcomings in the internal management mechanismBased on description analysis of the members'statistical data show that:System construction has been completed,firstly the system in the personnel structure,subject structure and the regional distribution of system's resources is reasonable;Secondly system task cognitive of system's personnel is relatively clear,and exchange or cooperation way between different system's experts or the system in different positions gradually diversification,system's into degree of each post personnel is gradually improving;Thirdly Transfer funds can meet system's work,and compliance degree of funds use is higher;In addition system appraisal standards and results reported have diverse ways,and strict exit mechanism is generally recognized.Otherwise,the current modern agriculture industry technology system have larger ascension space identification in operation fund management mechanism,communication mechanism,competition mechanism and evaluation mechanism,system culture construction,and local government docking mechanism,members's enthusiasm of the incentive mechanism,the correlation body's coordinating mechanism.(4) Empirical analysis based on the statistics of members in the system shows that:there is large improvement room for operational performance China Agricultural Research System,difference between the sequence of different positions and sub-system performance is large and also know that influenced system operational performance influenced by many factors.The results of the team members'innovation efficiency test covered by the CARS core level and the second level using the method of three-stage DEA model show that:there exist a large promoting space for the operational performance of modern agricultural industry technology system,and different samples' and job sequence' efficiency differ with each other greatly,meanwhile the low scale efficiency identified as the main factor to hinder innovation entity technical efficiency from promoting.In details, the overall efficiency of the CARS first level team members still has room for improvement at0.76,the lower efficiency of scale has become the main reason for the low overall efficiency;in terms of different positions series of the first-level research team,the technical efficiency of B post experts is higher than A post experts.Meanwhile,overall efficiency of CARS second-level science and technology team is not so good,just at0.14,then low scale efficiency is also the main reason constrained the team innovation efficiency at this level.Sub-system efficiency test and comparison also show that:there exist large improvement spaces in the technical efficiency of the sample of aquacultural industrial system,horticultural industry system and farming industrial system,but technical efficiency values of the sample aquacultural industry system and horticultural industry system are significantly higher than farming industry system.The low scale efficiency of those three industrial system is the main reason resulting in the low efficiency of those each other.From the view of distribution of technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of samples of aquacultural industry system,horticultural industry system and industrial system of farming,the distribution of samples of industrial system of aquaculture, horticultural industry system which in ranges of high efficiency values are undoubtedly superior to the industrial system of farming,while sample distribution of the efficiency in aquacultural industry system is close to horticultural industry system. In addition,monographic study with the application of DEA-Tobit model shows that: the enhancement degree of clear object cognitive of the survey sample make positive influence on the improvement of team' innovation technical efficiency,while those factors such as the titles of the team members,the understanding extent of team members and the rational extent of funds are also decision variables to scientific research team innovation performance.(5) Farmers are not only the final beneficiaries of the system,but also a very important part of performance evaluation,which behavior holds out a trend of diversification.The paper using the data of farmers by means of descriptive statistic analysis and logistic regression analysis,pointed out clearly and definitely some behavior features of famers under the china agricultural research system background,such as the demand for agricultural technology,the cognition of market circulation,the participation of social organizations.To be specific:1.The demand for agricultural technology of famers are show diversification.The results indicate that,farmers have different agricultural technical requirements in different regions,even within the same province,farmers'types demands of technology also vary.2.On the whole,the market circulation cognitive level of farmers is not high.A lot of problems remain to be solved such as ineffectiveness of overall utilization of modern ways of distribution;incomplete edible fungi market price information,large difference of individuals cognitive;the circulation management depletion and there is a lack of understanding of circulation. Personal factors such as educational attainment,age and types of road influence the farmers'market circulation perceptions.3.Most of farmers have not joined any association.According to the survey,the main reason is that there is no social organizations in there and farmers'awareness of the association is still low.Besides, we also find that the scale of agricultural production,ease level of sales,whether or not reforming of collective forest rights are the main factors which influences the farmers'willing to attend to association.(6) The performance evaluation index system consists four factors as follows:the ecological benefits factors,economic benefits factors,sustainable development ability factors,social benefits factors.Based on lots of investigation and analysis of fixed checkpoint farmers date shows that the operation performance results only general level,and the most important factor in the building of the system is economic returns and social benefits.Using fixed checkpoint of peasant household data by method of principal component analysis and fuzzy synthetic evaluation found that:1.The performance evaluation index system consists four factors as follows:economic benefits factors,sustainable development ability factors,social benefits factors and the ecological benefits factors,rate of their respective in19.542%,11.533%,11.267%and8%.2.The System operation performance score was69.42points,comprehensive evaluation is only general,show that external subject to its overall evaluation level needs to improve.3.The construction of economic benefit factor and ecological factors should become the key to the modern agriculture industry technology system which service the agricultural rural development.(7) The differences of interest orientation make the behavior game among several subjects become the main factor of restricting the operation of modern agricultural technology system performance.The author uses three party dynamic game method analyzed the subject behavior of modern agriculture industry technology system.The results of the study show that,As the objective function or the orientation value of government management department and project directors and project implementation layer are not consistent,plus the information asymmetry between principal-agent,so that the three parties exist dynamic game relation,and this is one of the main reasons why the performance of modern agriculture industry technology system is not high.In the existing agricultural science and technology management mechanism and system under the guidance of the internal management standard,third party only through the joint efforts to finally realize a win-win situation.The end of the article puts forward that:To further improve Buji consultation system, optimize the resources allocation structure;Construction of the harmonious system culture,then expand the influence scope of system;Strengthen project funds management,improve the efficiency in the use of funds; Strengthen intellectual property management,improve the efficiency of agricultural innovation level;Improve the mechanism of researchers in and out,evaluation and incentive,then strengthen post responsibility;Strengthen contact and communication with the local authority,promote the local industry development; Strengthen combinations of industrial technology system with agricultural production,continuously improve its support role to agriculture development.The main innovation points as follows:(1) The innovation of research angle.Different from the expostevaluation customs of the traditional science and technology project,base on analyze the operation status of China Agricultural Research System in implementation cycle,this paper focus on operation performance of in CARS'implementation cycle from two levels,different post type and four system category respectively;In order to avoid the risk of internal control then can ensure objectivity and comprehensiveness of the evaluation results,we mesure the China Agricultural Research System operation performance form two aspects which are the inner member of the system and the fixed checkpoint farmers who outside the syetem.(2) The innovation of the Methods'application.Use the three phase DEA method in measuring the innovation performance of system's first and second level team members,which stripping away the interference from environment variable and random factors,so the results is the objective reflection of the team's technical efficiency;The author also explore the environmental factors which influence the input amount of slack by DEA-Tobit model;In addition author inspected the behavior characteristics of the system stakehouders using a three-party-dynamic game model,game theory analysis results show that:operation performance of system affected greatly by behavioral factors of the benefit main body.(3) The innovation of research content,then get some valuable conclusions.Give a comprehensive and system analysis of China Agricultural Research System which is the first time.The first,clear established of the modern agriculture industry technology system is agricultural science and technology policy adjustment and innovation in historical period,embodies knowledge of the policy makers to basic law of agricultural science and technology deepened step by step,what differece of modern agriculture industry technology system is that system is apractice into the strategy of innovation country under the guidance of market economy;Secondly,discuss the operation status and the the performance in the implementation cycle of China Agricultural Research System from the aspects of inner or outside of system,results show that the system performance has some promotion space,moreover empircal results show that:title structure,status of team communication,funds management,properties of supporting institution and the local government policy support are the factors which influence the operation performance of system;Thirdly,the author have a clear understanding for the main body's game behavior characteristics of the China Agricultural Research System,difference of benefit main body's interest orientation is the main characteristics. |
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