Transmission And Distribution Price Forming Mechanism And Application Research Under The Government Regulation

Electricity transmission and distribution grid is the bridge connecting the generation and utilization of power. A reasonable electric transmission and distribution price can not only enhance the fair competition in the electricity market, but is also related to the high-efficient and sustainable development of electric grid and the coordinated development of the entire power industry. In China, despite the separation of the grid enterprise and power plant, there is still no independent, reasonable electric transmission and distribution price formation mechanism for the grid, which lags behind the reform steps of power industry in China and has even impeded the further reform of the power system. Therefore, quickening and pushing the reform of the electric transmission and distribution price and establishing the reasonable price formation system for electric transmission and distribution have become the top priority. However, the market of electric transmission and distribution is technically the most challenging field. The design of the electric transmission and distribution price system and the pricing method are both to a great extent related to the grid technology and economic characteristics. In addition, the actual need of the reform of power industry should be taken into consideration. Electricity transmission and distribution grid is characterized by natural monopoly, which causes the failure of market mechanism. Therefore, there is a consensus among most countries all over the world that the electric transmission and distribution price must be decided under the government regulation. But since the conditions of different countries vary, so do their reform progresses of the power industry and pricing methods for the electric transmission and distribution. This dissertation carries out a systematic research on the price formation mechanism of electric transmission and distribution under government's regulation, proposes relevant models with real case analyses in several aspects including the cost allocation of electric transmission and distribution, the pricing method, and the price transmission mechanism.From the perspective of the principles of economics, the dissertation describes the economic characteristics of price regulation and withdraws the conclusion that in monopolized industry the profit of the enterprise and the social efficiency cannot be obtained in the meantime. From the perspective of characteristics of the electric transmission and distribution industry, this dissertation discusses the common models of government regulation, its applicability and choices of parameters, and proposes the regulation method that is suitable for China.The cost of electric transmission and distribution is comprehensively analyzed and studied, and the method of cost accumulation is determined according to the requirement of the supervision of the cost of electric transmission and distribution. Also, on the basis of foreign theories and methodologies of the cost assessment of electric transmission and distribution, the benchmarking analyzing model of controllable cost that is based upon equivalent weight indicator system is also proposed. In the meanwhile, the influence that the depreciation rate of fixed price has upon the price of electric transmission and distribution is analyzed through studying theories and programming software to make quantitative calculation. Based upon the analysis of factors that influence the depreciation rate of fixed price of electric transmission and distribution, the principles of determining the depreciation rate for China are promoted.Based upon the principles of redundant capacity and power flow tracing, the electric transmission/security cost allocation model is proposed. Besides, according to the different degrees of the urgent rescue for accidents, the security expense will be allocated among benefited grids. The rationality and effectiveness of this method is verified with real cases. The dissertation carries out in-depth researches on the price transmission mechanism of the voltage-level based electric transmission and distribution and suggests the calculation method of electric equilibrium for all voltage levels.In order to display the fair competition in the electricity market, the electric transmission price should reflect the signals for node positions, and as the market entities, the electricity generator and subscribers should share the cost of electric transmission. Based upon the three-phase short circuit contribution matrix, the dissertation proposes the cost distribution among all node positions for each circuit, forming electricity prices for node positions. In the meanwhile, a fairly practical price system for electric transmission is proposed and software is developed for calculation in real cases.