Study Of Technological Change In The Unemployment Problem

Different unemployment theories have been based on different hypotheses. The western unemployment theory may be divided, according to hypothesis, into Classical economics', Keynesianism', neo- Classical economics' and Development economics'. Contrasting their different background and different hypothesis, we find that they are presented mainly in the light of the characteristic of unemployment in a certain stage of market economy. Though each of them has its particular function, they lack of a common base. The unemployment issue is a general phenomenon in the market economy and in the course of specialized division of labor, but don not exit in non-specialization society and the Planning economy. So an unemployment theory with a general utility should solve unemployment issue in the light of mutually-driving mechanism between specialization and market economy.But the course of building the basic model of western economics eliminated the general base, on which unemployment problem arises. Because in the model, firstly, the unit of macro economy is simplified as two parts, supply and demand. Most of overlapping parts between them are ignored. Secondly, it is assumed that the balance between supply and demand can be reached and maintained in market economy, and then assumed a given and still outer condition for market economy. So the model can reach a balance, and the equilibrium theory can be created. But the theory is not related directly to the economic transforming courses in reality, such as the enhancing course of specialized division of labor, the evolution of production organization, the altering of products and the escalating of industry, because of its contradictory hypothesis to the reality that market economy is a open system. Though the theory is perfect and the measure to solve unemployment problem is reasonable, unemployment issue exits as usual.Differing from western economics, which research market economy with a method of supply-demand analysis, the essay holds that a market is a sum of the amount of goods for sale and that amount that is needed. Like the two sides of a coin, supply and demand can not be divided. We may reveal the nature of market economy only by researching the profit mechanism used by producers and consumers, which hide at the backs of supply and demand, and then reveal the root of causing unemployment.After analyzing the rule of technical transformation and its driving mechanism, the essay considers that the mechanism, which drives technical development, is consistent to the driving mechanism of the subjects' behavior in market, that is to say, the technical transformation is the results of the subjects' behavior of gaining profit. So the technical driving mechanism should be led to the economy analyzing system. It is needed to notice the close relation between technical transformation and labor productivity.From the point of view, we know that people would not have needed market for exchanging goods between each other if without specialized division of labor. In the course of mutually driving between specialization and market economy, the...