Research On The Fairness And Efficiency Issues In China

Since reform and opening up of China's ownership structure, the economic system and the changes in the distribution system have greatly enhanced the efficiency of the economy. Total economic output and economic structure have undergone tremendous changes. But with the improvement of efficiency, the gap between rich and poor urban-rural is widening all the time, social injustice and problems have been paid more attentions. In this context, the argument about equity and efficiency has broken out again. Some scholars believe that China's Gini coefficient has exceeded the warning line, and it is the time to give fairness on the top priority. Some scholars believe that despite China's economic aggregate has been quite big, serious waste and the inefficiency of the problem have not improved fundamentally. And it is not out of time on the formulation that giving priority to efficiency and ensuring fairness. There are also some other views that it is reasonable to propose giving priority to efficiency with consideration to fairness is appropriate in the early stage of reform in order to break the egalitarianism big pot situation. But these issues now has been basically solved, we should hold a fair attitude on both the efficiency and fairness. Upon all opinions, we should be aware of the importance of social justice. if these problems are not paid enough attention it will be bound to affect the majority of the people to participate in the economic construction of enthusiasm and even affect social stability, and causing obstruction to the development of society and the improvement of economic efficiency . In order to understand the relationship between efficiency and fairness, we need to be in line with the new social development of the constant deepening and development so as to promote China's reform. So we can promote opening up and modernization construction in the health, stability and sustainable state. We attempts to carry out in-depth analysis on these issues and to discuss effective ways to solve these problems.The issue of fairness and efficiency, which is accompanying China's economic reform, has been discussed by economists One of the problems. Fairness and efficiency is to safeguard the existence and development of a society indispensable two important factors. In the current economic situation, China's productive forces have continued to improve on social equity issue has become increasingly aroused the concern of the government and academia. In the current phase, fairness and efficiency on the issue still have important practical significance.We can see that although we achieved a great increase economic efficiency, there are many important issues on social equity which need to find out urgent solutions. For example, the region still exist between large development gap, the high Gini coefficient, and the residents have not yet perfect security system, etc., which are needed to be fully pay attention to.In recent years, China has made public a great western development, revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China and the establishment of agricultural taxes, improve the social security system and a series of mitigation gap, and promoting a fair reform policies. Its core is to settle before the economic construction in various unfair, adjust and optimize social resources and the equitable distribution of benefits in order to achieve equity and efficiency, the appropriate combination.In the dissertation the focus of the study is that under the state of social transformation in China's social justice issues, and discussed with the traditional distinction, the paper pointed out that on a fair and equitable social-economic inequity, and against the concept of the two, should be covered by the scope and economic fairness and social justice and the role played by the realization means a meticulous study. An Empirical Analysis of this data by a variety of indicators to reflect the country's social equity issues, the impact of this issue on the factors and pointed out that empirical examination of the relationship between fairness and efficiency issues. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the paper pointed out the economic fairness and social justice areas of the existing problems and the solutions to channel.In this paper, deepening the connotation of the concept of fair, equitable economic and social equity for the meticulous research. The following research ideas, the first article on economic fairness and social justice, and explains the two concepts, explore the market and the government in promoting economic fairness and social justice in the process of realization of the different role. Subsequent articles on economic fairness and social justice as well as its role in the process of realizing the problems were systematic analysis. Empirical part of this paper, through various indicators to gauge the status of China's social equity, discussed the impact on social equity and fairness and efficiency factors relations were studied.The article specifically structured as follows:Introduction of the first expounded in the current period of economic transformation on social equity research significance. Again, this paper introduced the main contents and structure.Chapter one, Literature Review. Through research in the field of domestic and foreign-related comments on the issue of fairness and efficiency of a summary of the literature and expounded on this theory and practical significance lies.Chapter two gives a distinction between social fairness and economic fairness. The concept of social fairness is about the problems such as the distribution of wealth, educational and development opportunities, job opportunities, safety and others. Social fairness emphasizes on the fair of civil rights, opportunities, rules and the distribution of wealth among social members. Economic fairness emphasizes on the fair participating in competition and the order reflected in the economic interests'allocation.Chapter three is about the role of the government and the market in the promotion of social and economic fairness realization. The realization of economic fairness is dependent on the market tool, while the realization of social fairness is dependent on the using of administrative means. Emphasizing economic fairness can ensure normal market economical order and promote the realization of market efficiency. Social fairness covers the defects caused by the market which emphasized the economic fairness and it can ensure people's basic social rights and social stability.Chapter four discusses the function of economic fairness, and judges various economic arguments about economic fairness. Running as a basic market principle, economic fairness make the economy achieves a fair and reasonable allocation of social resources, and provides a good foundation for economic development. Economic fairness is one of the basic principles to build economic rules, and is the important foundation for building the basic allocation rules. But China still exist the impact of the dual economic and unfair regional development strategies and egalitarianism and the pursuit of economic efficiency which inhibit the realization of economic fairness.Chapter five analyses the social fairness systematically. Social fairness considers the balance of the rights of social members and is an important prerequisite for the healthy development of society. Emphasizing social fairness can promote the realization of economic efficiency. But there are many factors affect the realization of social fairness in China. For example, the income gap expanding ,unfair employment and educational opportunities, the social security system inequality, a huge gap between rural and the city in public health system security system, the neglect of government financial system for social fairness issues . All issues need urgent solutions.Chapter six is empirical analysis. At first, it measures social unfairness in China through the Gini and Theil index. Based on 2002-2006 data, the calculated Gini indexes show the state of Chinese urban, rural areas and the national income distribution, or whether rural or urban areas nationwide. The data of Gini shows that the gap of urban residents'income has been gradually narrowing. But the Gini of rural areas and the national is 0.4 or above. Comparing the relevant standard of the United Nations, the gap of people's income is relatively large. Theil index data shows that the gap of income among provinces has been gradually declining, and the gap of income among regions is the main reason for income gap. In the empirical Analysis of the factors of the gap of income, the paper found that in 1990-98, the rate of income of urban and rural residents has a positive impact of Gini, and the state financial expenditure used for realizing social fairness has a negative impact of Gini. But from 1998 to 2006 the impact of the state financial expenditure for social fairness on Gini is not significant. It is because China's fiscal expenditures for social justice than the cases had dropped significantly, which directly caused such an impact is not significant. The study on the efficiency and fairness founds that in 1990-98, Gini has a negative impact on the rate of GDP growth, in 1998-2006, Gini has a positive impact on the rate of GDP growth.Chapter seven discusses the solution to social unfairness. The realization of social fairness plays an important role in development of society. During we promote the development of social economy, we must see safeguard social fairness seriously. As the government, from the purpose of fairness promoting provides the institutional security. At the same time, constantly promoting the establishment of safeguarding social fairness policy, regulations, systems, etc., and constantly improve the public financial system, coordinating the distribution of interests, and promote the realizing of social justice.This paper conducted a fair qualitative and quantitative analysis, the correlation with the theory of a detailed study, and the deepening of China's impact on the realization of social equity for the Empirical Study of factors. The main thesis innovations are:The main innovations in this paper are the following:1. The dissertation will be divided into economic fairness and social justice fair two different concepts. Fair's fair economic competition and participation in the economic interests reflected in the allocation of a fair and orderly. Discussions such as social equity distribution of wealth, education and development opportunities, job opportunities, safety and other survival are social equity issues discussed. It is more of the community members stressed that the right to fair and equitable opportunities, rules such as fair and equitable distribution.2. The problems on the role of the market and the government in promoting economic fairness and social justice in the process of realization. In this paper, that our government too much in some markets should have been completed by certain functions, and the government to promote social justice can not be achieved important function of the realization of very good, so this paper on the market and the government's functions of a meticulous and distinction. 3. Adopting the calculation method of Sundrum weighted Gini coefficient, we measure the gap between the incomes of residents of the country. We use Theil index to measure the gap between China's provinces, the eastern, central and western regions of the country. And we measure the level of China's uneven with these indicators.4. On the analysis of the effects of income, the income gap between China and the factors of the relations between fairness and efficiency we found that the sector from 1998 showed a different character. This empirical could be explained by the adjustment of the relevant government policy around 1998.