Economically And Culturally Backward Country The Socialist Transformation Of Agriculture Research

As I describe in the research status quo of socialist rebuilding of agriculture: despite China's socialist rebuilding of agriculture has been past 50 years, the Soviet Union's socialist rebuilding of agriculture has been gone for 70 years, but a number of theoretical issues are still in dispute. In this dissertation, the author takes the examples of the socialist rebuilding of agriculture ofSovietUnionand China, two countrieswith lag in economy and culture, analyzes the two countries'background, inevitability, controversy and lessons, also through the comparison of commonness in socialist rebuilding of agriculture in two countries, we could sum up the general law of socialist building. So we can see that the topic is innovative.This dissertation is divided into seven parts.The introduction part set forth the theoretical foundation of this paper, research status quo of socialist rebuilding of agriculture in the countries with lag in economy and culture, emphasis of this paper, difficult points, innovative points, research approaches and methods of the dissertation and so on.The first chapter focuses on the theoretical origins of the agricultural rebuilding, including thought of public land of the Utopian socialists, such as Thomos More, Campanella and Wenstanly, andagricultural cooperative thought of Utopian communist,such as Owen and Fourier,Marx and Engels'socialist rebuilding of agriculture. In the books of Communist Manifesto and On land nationalization and other works, Marx and Engels put forward the thought of designedly developing the agriculture on the basis of socialist nationalization of land, but this didn't resolve the problem of organizational form of agriculture production which is mainly the contribution of Engels.Engels put forward several principles of setting up artels in the book of problems of French and Germany peasants.The second chapter mainly introduce Lenin's theory and practice on the socialist rebuilding of agriculture. Marx and Engels put forward the thought of agricultural socialization according to the development tendency of compound agriculture in the developed capital countries, also they gave the principal expatiation over what principles, forms and steps the proletariat should take in order to develop the small yield to big yield after they captured the power. But it is a completely new,most difficult, most complicated and most important issue for a country with lag in economy and culture, full of peasants. So Lenin carried out a devious exploring process. Before the October Revolution, he thought the artels is the main tool to class warfare, proletariat should make full use of consumer artels which are the economic organization to protect the worker-class benefit. During the Wartime Communist Era, Lenin advocated the use of consumer artels, utilizing a total of tillage system, and other productive cooperative style to the small-scale peasant economy. In the period of New Economic Policy, Lenin supported that artels must be founded on taking care of interests of peasants, artels in circulation are user-friendly and easily acceptive forms of organization which lead peasant to transit to new system, the development of artels alone is equivalent to the development of socialism.The third chapter is on the Soviet Union's collectivizational campaign, including the background, reasons and characters of collectivi zational campaign, comprehensive collectivizational campaign and characteristics of the Soviet collective farm management system, the evolution of the Soviet collectivizational farm.The collectivizational campaign is a inevitable choice to fulfill the industrialization of Soviet Union, the foodstuff crisis from 1927 to 1928 is the direct reason for Stalin to carry out the comprehensive collectivizational campaign. Comprehensive collectivizational campaign is a movement which lacked necessary material, technical foundation and thinking preparation. It was a fast, comprehensive, large-scale and compulsory campaign, ended the New Economic Policy too early, Led to the intensification of class conflict, hinded the development of productive forces, and laid groundwork for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.Chapter four analyzes the agricultural socialist rebuilding of our country, including the historic background, necessity, feasibility, steps, achievement, misplays and evaluation. China's agricultural socialistrebuilding was a inevitable choice to avoid Chinese polarization, was the only way to consolidate the worker peasant ally. During the process, Mao Zedong highly-estimated the enthusiasm of peasants'participation, highly estimated the effect of productive relationship towards the development of productivity, criticized wrongly Deng Zihui. China's socialist rebuilding of agriculture made some mistakes, such as the existence of premature, blindly following the model of the Soviet Union, using a mass movemental approach to economic changes.Chapter five set forth the revolution of productive relation in our country, including blind rash advance before China's reform and opening up, the rise of the Household Contract Responsibility System, new development in the economic cooperative organization. The People's Commune was a big and public politic-society unit, So it declined the enthusiasm of people, articificually created the dual structure of urban-rural, truly destroied the productivity.The Household Contract Responsibility System formed the new inspiration system, carried out the process of politic in democracy countries, and promoted the stratification of social class and process of urbanization. It is the new development of Marx's cooperative theory in Chinese practice. The peasant's economic cooperative organization is organizer that lead the peasants to intensifying produce and manage in scale. It can guide peasants to achieve standardization and harmonization of cultivation (farming) varieties, production and technology market. From this perspective, rural cooperative economic organizations are China's new rural constructional boosters to achieve standardized production, to construct socialist new countries.In Chapter six, the author analyzes the main experiences and lessons of socialist rebuilding of agriculture from the countries with lag in economy and culture.These countries created the agricultural cooperative form, and made peasants gradually embark on the path of cooperation and provided assistance through the national help,combined the socialist rebuilding of agriculture and industrialization.However, the Soviet Union, China and other economically and culturally backward countries indeed made some mistakes during the process, they violated of the principle of voluntary, made too quick rebuilding ,ignored the conditions that change and improve the relations of production in a certain level of productivity. These lessons are profound.