| It is not a new topic that the regional economic development is lacking in coordination,but the uncoordinated development of the economic plates within provincial ministry has not yet been attracted sufficient attention for a long time.In fact,it is quite amazing that there exist great regional economic disparities within the province or the county,even that has exceeded the difference in the east,the mid and the west.This proximate sharp contrast easily leads to people's psychological imbalance,so it is not only an economic issue,but also more likely to cause political problems,then impedes the sustainable development of a region,thus,it is an urgent need to rise to strong concerns. However,the reasons that lead to lack of coordination of regional economic vary in the economic situation of the different provinces;the regional economic uncoordinated development is not effectively controlled because lack of scientific theoretical guidance for a long time,and the problems of the enlarging regional disparities or urban-rural gap are difficult to fundamentally be resolved.This paper studies the coordinated regional development of Chongqing as its theme,and attempts to find the origin of the problem through analyzing the status of uncoordinated regional development in Chongqing,to design realistic goals and practical solutions,and to provide some constructive suggestions for promoting coordinated regional development of Chongqing.1.The main works done are listed as following:1.1 Inorder to study the stage of the regional economic development in Chongqing,the stage of economic development of Chongqing Municipality has been calculated and analyzed by using Rostow's take-off paper theoretical;In accordance with Hoffman's division of the industrial phase, the process of industrialization in Chongqing has been calculated and analyzed;With the coordination of urbanization and economic theory which was designed by Stars Monday,the difference in the process of urbanization between theoretical value and actual value has been calculated and compared in Chongqing;With "Multi-layer Power Law + Delphi method + Loop Law",the degree of realization of Chongqing-round well-off society has been calculated.1.2 In order to measure the incompatibilities degree between the regional economic blocks of Chongqing,the deviation coefficient of per capita GDP of"circular-shaped region" and the northeast or the southeast Chongqing has been compared with that of the national eastern,central and western, and the location quotient has been calculated in the various districts and counties of Chongqing.To measure the degree of mismatch between urban and rural areas of Chongqing,the urban-rural income difference coefficient,the differences in Engel coefficient of rural and urban residents and the intensity of urban-rural dual structure industries has been calculated respectively into account the national and Chongqing.1.3 using the ways of qualitative and quantitative analysis,the causes of economic development lagging behind has been analyzed in the Northeast and the Southeast Chongqing,as well as of that leading to the resulting consequences.The uncoordinated reasons of the economic development of rural and urban areas of Chongqing also have been analyzed qualitatively.1.4 The external and internal factors have been analyzed that bound the regional economic uncoordinated development in Chongqing;the basis of the development of coordinated regional economic development objectives has been analyzed in Chongqing.Basing on the the theory of division of labor and the urban group theory,the idea of promoting regional coordination of Chongqing has been studied.The roles of the market,government and society alsohas been analyzed in regional economic coordinated developmen.2.The main conclusions are listed as following:2.1 Now the development stage of Chongqing is not conducive to the regional economic coordinated development.Productive investment rate of investment from the national income of Chongqing accounting for more than 10%,has been formed pillar industries,the regional development of Chongqing has been in a take-off stage.The per capita GDP of Chongqing is in 1200 U.S.dollars to 2,400 dollars,the primary industry has dropped to below 20%,the proportion of secondary industry is higher than that of tertiary industry,so Chongqing has entered the intermediate stage of industrialization.The ratio of Hoffman reached 2.0 in Chongqing in 2007,and it is at the junction of the second and third phases of industrialization.The urbanization ratio of Chongqing has exceeded 30%in 2007,and has entered into the 30-70%of the internationally recognized period of accelerated development.But the level of urbanization lags behind the level of industrialization,and there is a growing gap between the trends in Chongqing.The gap of well-off society between Chongqing and the national average has not narrowed significantly according to the recent statistical monitoring results about building a moderately prosperous society in Chongqing,for example,it lags 3.4%behind the national average level in 2007.In accordance with the experience of developed countries,the regional development of Chongqing is currently stage of the expansion of regional economic disparities,regional contradictions highlighted,the resources and the environment to withstand the most stress.2.2 It is much uncoordinated for the regional economic development in Chongqing.The differences of the circular-shaped region and the northeast or southeast region of Chongqing hovered at 0.5,and the regional disparities have been fluctuating,but the overall trend is to expand.The relative value of per capita GDP between "circular-shaped region" and the northeast or the southeast Chongqing is more than that of the national eastern,central and western.The location quotient often changed,the general trend is that the location quotient of "circular-shaped region" rise while that of the northeast and southeast Chongqing falls;In 2007,the location quotient of all of the counties in the two wings of Chongqing are less than 1,all fell into the less developed areas.At the same time, lack of economic development zone of 1＜Qi＜(?) in Chongqing,there is an obvious gap in regional development.In Chongqing,the economic differences between urban and rural areas are higher than the national average,and have gradually widened the trend.The degree of the relative coefficient variation(Cv) of the circular-shaped region and the northeast or southeast region of Chongqing hovered at 0.5,the Engel coefficient of urban and rural residents in different degree is far higher than the 5%and the degree of national average difference.The industrial strength of Chongqing was 6.56, far greater than the highest level of developing countries in the world and has increased year by year trend.2.3 The main important reason for the uncoordinated development of the economic plates within Chongqing is that the development lags behind in "two wings" of Chongqing.There are three incentives,the first one is that the inadequate development of secondary and tertiary industries in "two wings",especially the secondary industrial development is not sufficient;the second one is that the process of urbanization lagging behind,which is highlighted in southeast Chongqing;the third one is the low level of import,there are 90%or more concentrated export and actual use of foreign direct investment in the "circle." The deep-seated reason for the economic development lagging behind in the Northeast Chongqing is that the state restrictions on the region during the process of building the Three Gorges Project;while that in the Southeast Chongqing is due to weak infrastructure.The most seriously problem caused by the lagging development in "two wings" is poverty concentrated particularly the concentration of urban poverty,the social stability is under great strain.But the industrial development lagging behind differs in the main reasons in both areas, and that in the Northeast was mainly due to the system while that in the Southeast mainly due to the backward infrastructure.The urban-rural economic disparities of Chongqing are multiple factors "complications":First,due to the poor natural conditions,agriculture does not develop in itself sufficient to form a low level of the vicious circle.The second is marked by a long period of urban and rural household registration system,institutional system of the division of urban and rural areas. Third,a strong state-owned economy in Chongqing,the slow development of private economy exacerbated the gap between urban and rural areas.The fourth is the industry segmentation between urban and rural.For a long time,heavy industries have been the based industries in Chongqing,and the raw materials almost never came from agriculture.Chongqing industrial system did not form inter-market industrial system,which led to the widening gap between urban and rural areas.2.4 The coordinated development of regional economy in Chongqing has affected by multiple factors.The extml factors mainly come from the new trends of regional development in global and the policies of national regional development.And for inner factors,they are undertaking regional growth pole,the strict ecological restrictions in the Three Gorges reservoir area and lack of mineral resources,water resources,and energy constraints.So,the aim to promote the coordinated development of regional economies in Chongqing should be one regional space,and between urban and rural ecological environment "trinity" of the complex system.2.5 The developing thought that promotes the coordinated development of regional economy in Chongqing is:to fundamentally change the pattern of regional division of labor,and with the help of three maijor inter-provincial economic zones to promote.For the internal build "dual center" pattern of regional division of labor,and for the external cooperation to build the three major inter-provincial economic zones.The "Dual center" model of regional division of labor is as following:one centre is the core area of the main city,to build the western base of high-end industrial undertaking;another center is Wanzhou,which is in the northeast Chongqing,construction of independent innovation base in the western region and environmental protection industry demonstration zone in China.In accordance with the regional division of labor of two-center model, it should be established corresponding urban system in Chongqing,namely,"Two-center" urban system.The main city of Chongqing is a center and Wanzhou is another center,along the Three Gorges reservoir area to build a large urban agglomeration.Constructing Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone accelerates the development of circular-shaped region,building along the Yangtze River Economic Zone promotes the development of the northeast Chongqing,and building Wuling Mountain economic cooperation zone promotes the development of the Southeast Chongqing.2.6 To realize the regional coordinated development it is necessary to establish such 3 mechanism as the market mechanism,government mechanisms and social mechanisms in the inter-regional development for Chongqing.First,give full play to the market mechanism's basic roles in fostering the regional factors;Second,play role of the government mechanisms to address regional development problems of market failure;Third,with the role of social institutions to address problems while the market mechanisms and the government mechanisms are failure at the same time.3.The main innovations in the thesis are as following:3.1 From the view of the Provincial coordinated economic development perspective,this paper has systematic studied the differences in regional economic development and urban-rural economic disparities in Chongqing;and put forward a new explanation about the reasons that give rise to the regional economic differences in Chongqing through the comparative analysis of the data.3.2 Basing on learning from the predecessors' theoretical results,this paper has proposed developing thinking that promote the coordinated development of regional economy of Chongqing, that is equal emphasis on both inside and outside,for the internal to build "dual center" pattern of regional division of labor and the "Two-center" urban agglomeration,and for the external cooperation to build the three major inter-provincial economic zones.4.Some proposals put for ward in the thesis are as following:4.1 To construct the "Two-center" regional division of labor system,it May be replaced the National High-tech Zone and the Export Processing Zone brand in Chongqing to Wanzhou.And it is necessary to actively seek the establishment of the Three Gorges reservoir area to the national environmental protection industry,low-tax jurisdictions or zero tax jurisdictions.4.2 To build "dual center" city groups,it is needed to adjust the pattern of existing cities. Basing on the existing main city,it should be considered Bishan,Jiangjin as the scope of the main city.To increase the regional center of urban construction,the Shuangqiao should be incorporated into Dazu,and Dazu,Tongliang;Qijiang should be upgraded to a prefecture-level city,to build a satellite city as the main urban areas together with the Yongchuan.In order to facilitate commitment to the role of central cities,it should consider giving sub-provincial city of Wanzhou functions.To build a regional central city as a junction between the two centers,it should be upgraded Zhong County to a prefecture-level city.Construction of two-center city group,not only can take advantage role of the bonded port area and the Yangtze golden waterway,but also facilitate the integration of the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta economic zone.Taking into account on the Three Gorges reservoir area of special ecological requirements,it should actively seek the state set up the double central city group in Chongqing for "eco-city group of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Demonstration Area."4.3 Around the "Two-center" division of labor structure,it should build the appropriate infrastructure.It should focus on the developing of rail transport in the circular-shaped region city group.In the main city as well as the central city of the "circular-shaped region",it should focus on the development of rail transportation to achieve a link the main cities have at least a light rail transport or inter-city rail for each centre city.It should construct the Binjiang Road from Chongqing to Wanzhou,should open the Bus-Only Lanes in the city cities along the Yangtze River and major urban areas.The state has agreed Chongqing to direct the building of a dedicated high-speed international communication channels,in the planning and construction of efficient information infrastructure,it should be fully considered convergence between the "Two-center" industrial system and the "dual center" urban agglomeration construction,leave enough space for development of the main city and Wanzhou.It should also establish the corresponding innovation system around the "Two-center" division of labor structure.The newly established research institutions first consider in the Wanzhou,and support universities or research institutions to establish branches in Wanzhou too.4.4 Surrounding the construction of the three major economic zones around the provinces,it should speed up co-operation with the relevant provinces or municipalities,take the initiative to strengthen the docking with central ministries and commissions,it should involve major infrastructure projects,industrial projects of the three major economic zones into the national 12th 5 years' planning contents.At the same time,it should accelerate the construction of inter-provincial of the fast-track,it should enhance the center position of Chongqing,but also it need to consider the surrounding area to build Cuntan in urban Lianglu and the ideas of the export processing zones and convenient road network system,to achieve at least one highway or railway or sea port of the fast-track accessible bonded or export processing zones around 500 km above the prefectural level within the city.5.Some questions that needs go deep into in the futureIt is a pioneering work of systematic study on the coordinated development of regional economy in Chongqing;there are few yielded results for learning from.At the same time,limited the writer's knowledge structure,difficult of data collection,there are still many problems in this paper needs further investigation.For example,there still is lacking quantitative analysis of the causes of the uncoordinated development of urban and rural economy of Chongqing.It has not yet covered some issues such as lack of coordination of the regional social development and public service development in Chongqing;all these facts leave regret in this paper.It is only hope that this research can serve as a catalyst for future generations to do some further research on the knowledge of foreshadowing.
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