The Governmental Regulations In The International Grain Trade In China

To the Country, people are all-important. To the people foodstuff is all-important. To the foodstuff, grain is the source. The purposes of governmental behaviors are to maximize the citizen well-being. Grain resources are the guarantees for the citizen living, and grain supplies provide the basis of grain safety. As a huge developing country that has the only 7% of world cultivated land, but supports 21% of world population, China has to solve the grain problem with special strategies. The necessities of governmental regulations in the grain industry are decided by the characteristics of grain industry, such as high resource-reliance, frangibility, public characteristic and its political and economical status. After China became a member of WTO, the frequencies of grain international trade are increasingly raised, new challenges are faced by the international trade regulations of grain in China. How to make scientific regulation policies under the guidance of strategic thinking involves the future development of grain industry in China, food safety, farmers'incomes, the citizen well-being, and the political and economical status of the country. On the basis of the analysis of the economic characteristic of the grain industry and the new circumstances in international trade, the problem of regulations of international grain trade is explored from the perspectives of strategy, economy, publicity and security, the mechanisms of regulations of international trade as well as the mechanisms of decision choice of regulations are analyzed in the dissertation. Two problems are being tried to solve in the dissertation: how to take good advantage of resources in the international markets on the premises of ensuring the national food safety; how to balance free trading and trade protecting in the policies of international grain trade, how to balance the benefits of the stake-holders.In the process to study the problem the mechanisms of regulations of international grain trade in China, the key points of the research include the following topics: why to regulate, namely, the necessity of regulations; what to be regulated, namely, the object and the contents of regulations; how to regulate, namely, the methods, strategies and policies of regulations; how to implement the regulations, namely, the institutionalizing, legality and the implementation of regulations; how the effects are, namely, the gains and costs of the implementation of the policies of regulations. The first three topics are focused in the dissertation. In the dissertation,the normative analysis is followed at first, on the basis of the collection and analysis of large amount of literature, the problems are defined more clearly, and the hypothesis that the purposes of governments are to maximize the national well-being is proposed. Secondly, on the basis of applying the theories of industry economics and regulation economics, the characteristics of the grain industry economics are explored, and the economical causes of the regulations of policies in the international grain trade are analyzed, on which the basis of the research is constructed. The strategic purposes and the framework of the regulations are constructed from the perspective of the strategic system in the dissertation. On the basis of the theories of international, applying an analyzing model of welfare influences, the effects of expected welfare influences of all sorts of methods in the regulation of international trade are analyzed, on which the basis of choices of proper regulation plans is constructed. On the other hand, empirical analysis of the environment of the grain industry in China, the domestic grain markets, the environment of international grain trade, the relevant rules such as WTO treaties, is made, and on the basis of analyzing the lessons learned from the experiences of other countries, proper suggestions of policies to which the economic effectiveness, the national food security and international political and economic relationships are given consideration, are proposed in the dissertation.Five conclusions are drawn in the dissertation: firstly, the mechanisms of the governmental regulations in the international grain trade in China and the necessities of regulation are explored in the point view of regulation economics; secondly, the theoretic basis, the strategic purposes and research framework are constructed; thirdly, the connotations of all sorts of regulation methods in international trade of grain, benefit influences and suitability are analyzed with the analyzing model in economics; fourthly, in the restricting of the strategic purposes of regulation, the proper regulation strategies are decided with regards of the benefits of all parties; and fifthly, lessons drawn from the experiences of other countries are combined with the specific situations in China, suggestions in regulation policies in the international grain trade in China are proposed.The innovations in the dissertation include the following: firstly, international trade regulation reflects the thought of trade protectionism, in the trend of thought of free trade and in the environment of WTO, the choices of regulation policies are the results of the balance of multi-purpose benefit. Secondly, governments should differentiate the regulation decision standards in the domestic and foreign markets, in which, flexible regulation standards should be followed in order to promote market competition, optimize the resource allocation in the domestic markets, and regulation should be strengthened in order to maximize national profit in the foreign markets. Thirdly, the import quantity regulation in the international grain trade in China is the bottom line of food safety-based flexible regulation on the premise of unyielding regulation because of the large country effects.The regulation of monopoly enterprises in the international grain trade and the government capture are not discussed in the dissertation.