Research On The Regional Human Capital Allocation And Its Impact On Economic Growth In China

Human capital is an important component of the social productive forces and the important core strength of promoting the socio-economic development. Human capital has the unique function of capital element and special features of production factor that determines the degree of the development and utilization of the physical capital and other production factors, therefore its rational allocation is not only the premise to achieve the full play of the value of human capital, but also the guarantee to improve the utilization rate of the physical capital and other production factors, thus it constitutes the important strength of advancing economic growth.Since reform and opening up, China's economy has maintained rapid and sustained growth, gross domestic product increases to 30,067 from 364.5 billion RMB during the years of 1978-2008, an increase of nearly 83 times, the achievement is has been surprised in the world. At the same time, China's regional economic growth gap is widening which has become the indisputable fact, and the economic growth pattern of the east high and the west low has still not obtained the comprehensive change. It is demonstrated that the eastern per capita GDP is 1.74 times as the western per capita in 1985, the figure extends to the 2.34 times as the western per capita GDP in 2008. Apart from the influencing factors such as institution, natural resources and so on, the regional human capital non-equilibrium allocation is one of the intrinsic determinants. In view of this, the thesis will use the eastern, central, western and north-east as the object of the study, using the research methods of the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical tests, making regional human capital allocation as an entry point of the thesis, analyzing the impact on economic growth from the human capital allocation of the eastern, central, western and north-east since reform and opening up.The thesis includes main parts as below:First of all, the theoretical basis is established, by reviewing literature in domestic and abroad on the impact of economic growth from human capital and human capital allocation. On the basis, theoretical analysis about regional human capital allocation and its impact on economic growth are discussed. The first is to carry on the systematic induction and the objective evaluation about the literature in domestic and abroad on the impact of economic growth from human capital allocation. The second is to analyze the regional human capital allocation modes, propose the optimization allocation mode of the combination of planning and market, which is consistent with the actual conditions of China's characteristics, it requires a market-oriented allocation and the macro-control role of the planning allocation based on market-oriented allocation should be fully played to achieve the optimal allocation of the regional human capital. The third is to propose the efficiency criteria of measuring optimal regional human capital allocation, namely the marginal rate of technical substitution from human capital instead of physical capital is equal in the regions, based on the Pareto optimal theory. While the criteria of regional human capital alloction is an ideal optimal state, but it provides a theoretical reference for the optimal allocation of regional human capital in the reality. At the same time, the thesis puts forward the optimization approach of regional human capital allocation efficiency and equity, which optimizes the regional human capital allocation based the efficiency standards of regional human capital allocation, increases the regional human capital allocation efficiency and improves regional income distribution, realizes the convergence of regional human capital Pareto improvement to Pareto optimal, achieves maximum of efficiency and equity. The fourth is to analyze the effect of regional optimal allocation of human capital on economic growth. The thesis focuses on the effect in two ways based the analysis of the role of human capital on economic growth as the unique human capital initiative, the incremental benefits and externality. On the one hand, actions of the regional optimal allocation of four types of human capital on economic growth are analyzed, the results show that the regional economic growth depends largely on the number of its own skilled human capital, managerial human capital and entrepreneurial human capital as well as the status of structure optimization formed by the reasonable allocation of these four types of human capital. On the other hand, the thesis analyzes the important effect of regional optimal allocation of the regional human capital on the economic growth from the reasonable allocation of the regional production factors, technological advances, changes in market demand and so on.Secondly, the thesis analyzes the non-equilibrium of China's regional human capital allocation, and carries on the empirical test to the effect on economic growth from the regional human capital allocation. The first is to analyze the status quo of regional human capital allocation, the results show that regional human capital stock are ranked as the eastern, central, western and north-east; the level of regional human capital is ranked as the north-east, eastern, central and western; regional special type of human capital (skilled human capital, managerial human capital and entrepreneurial human capital) of the total share of human capital is ranked as the eastern, northeast, central and western from high to low. The second is to base on the analysis of the status quo above, there is non equilibrium among the regional human capital allocation, mainly as human capital stock configuration and human capital structure configuration among regions, which are important reasons for the expansion of the regional economic growth gap. The third is the thesis takes the empirical tests on the impact of economic growth from China's regional allocation of human capital. The thesis establishes the empirical model about China's regional capital endogenous growth based on the reference of Cobb-Douglas production function and the use of Lucas human capital externalities model, the marginal rate of technical substitution from China's regional human capital instead of physical capital is calculated by using the model, the results are that the marginal rate of technical substitution from human capital instead of physical capital in the eastern, central, western and north-east is respectively 0.61,0.30,0.26 and 0.55 in 2008, which shows regional human capital allocation is not optimal status. Moreover, the thesis takes comparative analysis of the results of the empirical tests, we can find that the marginal rate of technical substitution from human capital instead of physical capital in China is 0.32, which shows the values in the eastern and north-east are significantly higher than the national average, while the central and western are lower than the national average, which verifies the conclusion of the logical analysis:the higher the efficiency of human capital allocation is, the greater its contribution to economic growth will be.Thirdly, the thesis analyzes the four main reasons for the non-equilibrium of China's regional human capital allocation, namely: human capital stock is relatively low, the advancement of human capital allocation institution innovation is slow, social security institution are not perfect, labor market system construction is lag and so on. And these factors are analyzed deeply to explain the impact on the non-equilibrium of China's regional human capital allocation, and provide a theoretical basis for the follow-up responses.Finally, the thesis puts forward the strategies of the optimal allocation of China's regional human capital in order to promote the regional economic coordinate rapid growth. The first is to increase the human capital stock, promote optimal allocation of regional human capital; the second is to speed up the human capital allocation institution innovation to optimize the institution environment of the regional human capital allocation; the third is to improve social security institution to help regional human capital flow and allocation; the fourth is to strengthen the labor market system construction to perfect the market environment of regional human capital allocation.