The Research On Urban Scale Economies

In economics, the status of economies of scale is very important. With the development of social practice and research in-depth, the field of economies of scale is expanding step by step. From the initial internal economies of scale in enterprise, to economies of scale in industry, until economies of scale in city, economies of scale has been forming a system.Urban scale economies are at the top of the scale economies system. Both the entire world and China are in the middle stage of urbanization.It is the typical characteristics that urbanization is going ahead rapidly. On the one hand, the rapid expansion of city size has promoted the urban economy and the national economy,and have brought great benefits to urban enterprises and residents,such as abundant goods and service.On the other hand,it also bring about a series of negative effects inevitably,such as Such as pollution, congestion, noise, etc. Thus, whether control the size of large cities or not has becoming a long-term focus of controversy, whether domestic or foreign.So it is very important and realistic to study urban scale economies deeply. It is helpful to lead urbanization to a healthy way to understand the pros and cons of expansion of city size correctly.Based on the previous research results,and regarding the relationship between city size expansion and urban-effective as the starting point,I intend to explore the urban scale economies deeply and systematicly. Through these efforts,this thesis attempts to understand the mechanism and conditions of urban scale economies, and then explore the right way of the development of urbanization in China.The whole thesis consists of 10 chapters. Chapter 1 is Introduction, describing the background of the text and giving the summary. Chapter 2-6 do the content analysis, mainly related to the basic concepts, internal mechanism, performance and strength of urban economies of scale. Chapter 7-9 do the extensional analysis,deeply study the relationship between urban scale economies and regional development,urbanization and optium city size. Chapter 10 proposes countermeasures and proposals.The main content and viewpoints are below:Chapter 1:Introducing some basic questions relating to topic selection and framework, such as the background and significance of the topic, domestic and international literature review, the basic framework, the shortcomings and innovation.Chapter 2:Analyzing the performance and cause of urban scale economies from a purely theoretical aspect. First of all, defining the key concepts. And then analyzed the causes of urban scale economies. Finally, combined some models relating to urban scale economies, including the Mills (1967) model, "racetrack economy" and Turing method(Fujit etc.,2005), D-S model of monopolistic competition, the gravitational field model and cost-benefit model.Chapter 3:Analyzing urban scale economies from economic aspects. First, I analyze urban scale economies from the economic aspect using fraction dimension model. Then, I analyze three types of urban scale economies of China dynamically. Finally I analyze agglomeration costs of urban scale expansion.In chapter 4,I analyze the social and environmental aspects of urban scale economies.In chapter 5,I analyze the relationship between urban comprehensive effect and urban scale. First of all, with the help of factor analysis and correlation analysis, I studied the relationship between urban comprehensive effect and urban scale in China. Then using Richardson's point that land value can be used as indicators of urban net effect, studied empirically urban scale economies in China.Chapter 6 analyzes the differences in the strength of urban scale economies. First I analyze the differences of urban scale economies among different size groups.Then, I analyze the strength of urban scale economies over time.Chapter 7 will transfer attention from the city to the region as a whole. First of all, a country can be seen as a large region. I analyze the impact of urban primary to GDP per capita. Then, I analyze the relationship between per capita GDP and the proportion of China's big cities.Chapter 8 analyzes the relationship between urban scale economies and "large-urbanization". First, I propose the theoretical hypothesis:"large-urbanization" is the result of urban scale economies. Then I do the empirical test through three aspects. Finally, I analyze the "post-large-urbanization" characteristic and find that it is more probable that the proportion of large cities will be maintained at a relatively stable level, rather than decrease gradually.Chapter 9 focuses on the optimal size of the city, first of all I over looks the theory researches, and analyze empirically.In the last chapter, I put forward some advice. Fist, we should cancel the strategy of control rustically for large cities. Second, we should adopt large urbanization strategy.The main innovation in this article are as below:enriched the connotation of the urban economies of scale, Expanding the applications of the urban economies of scale in research; Comprehensive use of various statistical analysis tools such as factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, ridge regression analysis, panel models to study the urban economies of scale; Reshaping the definition of the urban economies of scale.