A Study Of Paleoenvironment Change And Human Response In Sanmenxia And Neighbour Areas Between 5000BC And 2000BC

The present paper systematically discusses the paleoenvironmental change and ancient cultural evolution and regional man-land relationship in Sanmenxia ,Yuncheng , Guanzhong and Luoyang areas between 5000BC and 2000BC. A comparative study has been done about characteristics of the natural environment and the cultural evolution and the regional man-land relationship. At the same time,the study focuses on Nanjiaokou site of Sanmenxia in Henan province and Qiangliangsi and Taohuajian site of Ruicheng county in Shanxi province. Based on the fieldwork and sampling and the analyses of sporo-pollen,grain size and accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS)14C dating data,we thorough analysis the paleoenvironmental change and the ancient cultural date of the four areas. The study provides reliable quantitatively data for the regional man-land relationship. The three conclusions are as follows:1.The Holocene Climatic Optimum is external power of the ancient cultural prosperity and development in these four areas.There is a rapid development period during early and middle Yangshao culture in the areas.Then,because of the climate fluctuation,the geographical location of the differences,population growth and destruction of ecological balance and so on,the culture in the areas was influenced in different degree.Among them,Luoyang has been the stable and sustainable development of regional culture and finally the first national civilization was emerged.The other three areas, sites reduced and scaled-down from the late period of Yangshao.The ancient culture tended to slowly develop and gradually fall into decay.But Guanzhong presented development trend from the period of Longshan.2.The research methods which the qualitative combines with quantitative is an effective way of the study in environmental archaeology.Based on the analyses of sporo-pollen,grain size and accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS)14C dating data from Nanjiaokou ,Qiangliangsi and Taohuajian profile,this paper discusses the ancient cultural date and the paleoenvironmental change since the Holocene. The study provides reliable quantitatively data for the confirmation of the ancient culture and the reconstruction of paleoenvironment in two areas.The result shows that the Qiangliangsi and Taohuajian climate is accord with Guanzhong and Luoyang of its neighbouring areas climatic changes.But Nanjiaokou climate isn,t accord with its neighbouring areas.The real reason will be discussed further in the work ahead.3.The relationship of human and social development and natural environment change is closely.All species in the earth contact with the natural environment,and especially for paleoanthropoids,who relied on paleoenvironment to a higher degree.The environment decided early human births and survival and the development of the material culture.The specific performance includ: human habitation location choice,housing construction form of design,agricultural economy structure adjustment,the use of wildlife resources,production tools and technology improvement,ancient cultural evolution,etc.The favorable natural environmental conditions appropriate to human survival and promote cultural development and social progress. Otherwise,they will delay or prevent the social progress.And above all , mankind only adapt to nature and dialectically handle the relationship with it and according to the natural laws. They will be able to transform nature and overcome nature to a certain extent and make human civilization continue to move ahead.