Development And Calibration Of Space Low Energy Ion Spectrometer

The low energy ion spectrometer (LEIS), which is one of the science payloads for most of the satellites in the space exploration, is often used to detect the protons, a particles and heavy ions in the energy-per-charge range from0.3to80keV/e in the space environment. The parameters of various space ions obtained by the local detection employing LEIS play an important role in investigating the mechanisms of solar activity, the interaction of solar wind and magnetosphere, the solar terrestrial relations chain and the occurrence and development of disastrous space weather events.This thesis describes the development of a space LEIS on the basis of the top-hat electrostatic analyzer and the position sensitive detector, and a ground equipment for ion calibration and ultraviolet test. Using this equipment, the ion calibration experiment and ultraviolet response test have been carried out for the spectrometer. In addition, the au-thor has also participated in the experimental work of electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS), and carried out the EMS studies on a number of molecules. The details of each chapter are described as follows:Chapter1introduces the research background of space plasma, the commonly used space plasma detection technology, calibration equipment for space plasma detection instruments and the recent progresses of space plasma detection experiments.Chapter2introduces the development of a space LEIS, which includes the princi-ple of the top-hat electrostatic analyzer, the design and optimization of the ion optics, the numerical simulation of the performance parameters of the spectrometer, the design of the detector system which is composed of microchannel plates and anodes and the mechanical design and manufacture of the spectrometer.Chapter3introduces the newly built ground equipment for the ion calibration and the ultraviolet test of the LEIS. The ion calibration system includes the vacuum chamber, the ion source, the ion beam attenuation and expansion lens, the deflection plate, the beam monitor, the electronics and data acquisition system, the power supply system, a simple three axis turntable and a newly designed automatic and high-precision four axis turntable. And the ultraviolet test system mainly includes the ultraviolet lamp and the ultraviolet photons imaging system.Chapter4introduces the ion calibration and the ultraviolet response test of the LEIS by the ground equipment. In this chapter, we identify several performance parameters such as the operating voltage of detector, the energy resolution, the linear relationship between ion energy and analyzer deflection voltage and the analyzer constant. In addi-tion, we also estimate the influence of solar ultraviolet light on the detection of different kinds of space ions by the test of ultraviolet response.Chapter5introduces the basic principle, the experimental methods and theoretical calculation methods of EMS. These include the modification of high-resolution electron momentum spectrometer, the calibration of the spectrometer, the calculation methods of nonrelativistic and relativistic quantum chemistry and the program compiled by C++for extracting two-component relativistic wave function from the output files of ADF program package.Chapter6presents the EMS studies on several molecules including the EMS mea-surements of cyclopropylamine and2-fluoroethanol, the molecular orbital and natu-ral bond orbital theoretical calculations of ethanol, ethylamine and ethanethiol and the study of the spin-orbit coupling effect and the intramolecular interaction in n-propyl iodide molecule.The summarization and prospects are given in chapter7.