| The red deer(Cervus elaphus) is the largest animal in the Tianshan Mountains for body size, and play an important role for its ecological effect. It is listed as o f least concern by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature(IUCN), and as 2nd class protected animal by C hina government.In order to get the population size of Tianshan red deer(Cervus elaphus songaricus) on Karawushen Mountainous in Xinjiang, three different methods have been compared, which are strip transect sampling method, pellet group counting method and non-damage of marking and recapture method in 2010. Final we find that the population size is 1.316-1.656 ind./km2 by strip transect sampling method, 2.075-3.11 ind./ km2 by pellet group counting method, and 1.422-2.844 ind./ km2 by non-damage of marking and recapture method. So it is population size is different by different way.To study the effects of highway for large mammals, we collected tianshan red deer feces samples from both side of road S110, 203, 303. After the individual recognition finished by using 5 kinds of microsatellite, Arlequin3.11 was carry out for genetic diversity, genetic distance, heterozygosity research. Results: This study found that five kinds of microsatellite has good polymorphism. The Songshutang between Hanqigou and Baishitou genetic distance is the farthest among five location, and there was lowest heterozygosity and number of genotypes in Baishitou. Genetic distance between Xiaoquzi and Baiyanggou was negative, and there were no difference for both heterozygosity and number of genotype. Discussion: highway or road for habitat fragmentation is different, can lead to population genetic change. When the road will just in the habitat, populations along highways were no difference. When habitat was completely isolated by highway, heterozygosity and the number of genotypes ware low. The isolation effect for the population from both side of highway was strong for using road than abandoned one.Red deer feces collected from east Tianshan mountains national forest park and Karawushen mountains, we study the sex ratio and home range by noninvasive method. We find that sex ratio was 1.78:1–2.89:1 by using the SRY gene identification, and 1.62:1–2.40:1 by morphology. Those results was not different signficantly by T-test. Home range of male and female red deer are 1.02–1.57 km2 and 1.57–1.71 km2 respectively. Home range of some deer were overlapped in east Tianshan mountains national forest part, this character was decided by its own nature.Total genomic DNA was extracted by the CTAB method from 471 fresh fecal samples of the Tianshan red deer(Cervus elaphus songaricus) collected from six different sites, and 273 individuals were identified. Patterns of genetic diversity were studied within and between the Tianshan red deer from six sites on the Tianshan mountains. Populations were divided into two groups, one either side of 88°E and we sequenced 960 bp of the mitoc hondrial control region, 1021 bp of the cytochrome b gene and we screened five microsatellite loci for variability. The genetically distinct deer populations from six different sites had relatively high levels of genetic diversity, which were similar for both microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers. There was frequency-based evidence of different genetic structure between eastern and western sites on the Tianshan mountains. Moreover, this conclusion was supported by analysis of the phylogenetic relatio nship, genetic distance and the percentage of divergence, and confirmed by ancient molecule evidence. |
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