| West Kunlun metallogenic belt has complex geological structure and favorable geological conditions for mineralization so it has abundant mineral resources. But the region’s natural conditions are very poor, traffic is extremely inconvenient, so the geological research and mineral exploration work is relatively low. As a high-tech means of remote sensing technology, based on field research and mineral spectral characteristics analysis, through remote sensing geological interpretation and mineralization alteration information extraction method, combined with the existing geological and mineralizing comprehensive analysis, build remote sensing prospecting model and carry out mineralization prognostic, thus can give the direction for follow-up mineral resources exploration work. The method has a strong application advantages in the northwest region but it is an urgent new technology need for a complete study.Based on comprehensive analysis and study of the area geology, structural, minerals and other research results in western Kunlun, using latest achievements in region tectonics and new metallogenic theory as guide, the author firstly analyzed the known geological characteristics and main mineralized alteration types in the study area, and then using multi-spectral and high spatial resolution satellite remote sensing data as the main source, based on the analysis on spectral characteristics of the main alteration minerals associated with mineralization and its image identification, on one hand to carry out remote sensing image processing and image enhancement methods test research and studing stratigraphy, structural information extraction method, then interpret the region structural, lithology and ore rocks and study its relationship with the mineral; other hand, for the known deposits( mineralization) alteration of different types, carry out variety image enhancement processing and operation,determine the optimal method of extracting the maximum alteration information, delineated mineralization alteration remote sensing anomaly zone and doing abnormal screening and grading, and finally carry out geological surveys verify the interpretation results and abnormal screening results, collecting rock and mineral samples doing identification and analysis in laboratory, combined with regional metallogenic characteristics, typical deposits analysis and research, establish the remote sensing deposit prospecting model and delineated resources prospecting targets to evaluate resource potential.In the aspects of remote sensing image processing and enhancement, process the raw satellite image data through the OIF method band combination, various methods of image fusion, geometric correction, image mosaic, etc., to produce the basic image for geological interpretation. During the geological interpretation and mineralization alteration information extraction process, some lithology, structure, alteration information be enhanced according to the need. Lithologic information enhancement based primarily on the principle because of the different nature of the rock mineral composition, structures, rock surface structure, covering composition, water content and local environmental differences, through contrast enhancement, edge enhancement, color enhancement, color conversion enhancement(data fusion), etc. to achieve the enhancement to multi-band spectral data and texture information, through the ratio calculation, the difference operator, principal component analysis to achieve mineralization information extraction.Based on image processing and information enhancement, take Xikun Nan strata district and Talugou- Tianshuihai strata district as an example, using interactive manner carried out detailed geological interpretation for mineralization, ore formation, magma rock, structure, etc. based on high resolution satellite data. Analyze these ore-controlling factors combinations and its spatial distribution characteristics, to analyze their relationship with mineralization. Meanwhile, the author carried out the rock and mineral spectrum testing and rock distribution inversion test to help lithology interpretation work.According to the common field mineralized alteration types that remote sensing can identify, using ASTER remote sensing data, take the Middle Kunlun(Central Lot) Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Crystal- muscovite- Jade – Asbestos Metallogenic belt and Ata- Aksai Chin(marginal basins) Fe-Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-RM Metallogenic belt as an example, using the transformation approach in the study area for a variety of alteration minerals information extraction. The study includes data preprocessing, to interfere, multivariate data analysis, anomaly extraction, abnormal post-processing, and abnormal screening.For the study area sedimentary type siderite- hematite and structural alteration type copper deposit, conducting geological interpretation of remote sensing, Alteration Information Extraction and abnormal screening, based on the combination of regional geology and mineralization characteristics, established the deposit qualitative remote sensing prospecting model. And in the middle Kunlun Mountains(Central Lot) Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Crystal- muscovite- Jade- Asbestos belt, Ata- Aksai Chin(marginal basins) Fe-Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-RM-muscovite-Jade belt carried out remote sensing prospecting targets and field verification. Remote sensing prospecting targets were delineated 8, where A-level remote sensing prospecting targets 2, B-class remote sensing prospecting targets 2, C-level remote sensing prospecting targets 4. Field validation shows in the predicting target area many newly discovered mineralized zones, alteration, mineralization and other mine sites been found, this proved that the remote sensing Prospecting method is feasible and effective in the west kunlun mountain metallogenic belt. |
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