Study On The Ecological Environment Security Of The Mineral Area

The capability of people’s utilization and modification of nature has developed accompany with the development of science and technology. The severity of the ecological and environmental problems have been exposed while the advancement of the industrialization and the acquisition of the wealth, which caused many serious negative results to the development of human society 1950s and 1960s. As a mineral city, Fushun city locates in the upstream of Hunhe watershed. The non-equilibrium of development of the soil resources caused many environmental problems, such as soil erosion, water pollution, the shortage of the water resources and air pollutions etc., which would not only have a great impact on the local human’s health, but also on the environments of the downstream area such as Shenyang city and Anshan city.This paper assessed the health risks of air, water and soil pollutions, analyzed the dynamics of the pollutions of three aspects, and calculated the soil erosion pollution and ecological environmental security by these methods:health risk assessment, soil erosion model, synthesis nourishment statement indices, geo-accumulation indices, biological effect potential indices, analytic hierarchy processs (AHP), information entropy and fuzzing mathematics based on the remote sensing data, soil testing data, water quality testing data, air testing data etc.(1) The air pollution are mainly caused by SO2、NOx and TSP. The concentration of SO2 in the air is higher from 1981 to 1995, and it decreased in the following years. The concentration of TSP in the industry area is highest; the following are the resident’s area, transportation area and cleaning area. The concentration of SO2 in the industry area is highest; the following are the transportation area, residents’area and cleaning area. In total, the equal load indices of all pollution material are lightening.(2) The studies on the dynamics analysis of water quality, the assessment of water quality and the eutrophication of Hunhe River in Fushun section and Dahuofang reservoir have drawn these results:①the pollution equal load of the Hunhe River and Dahuafang reservoir decreased both. Although the water quality in all cross sections is type I from 2001 to 2004, the water in Dahuofang reservoir are on the verge of eutrophication.②The polluted indices of four type heavy metal have increased. Among them, the pollution of section of Hun 73 reached the medium to strong degree. The pollution degrees from strong to week of all sections are:Hun 73> Beizamu> Hun 27> Hun 7> Taigou= Gulou. Except for the Gulou and Taigou sections, the ecological risk of other sections increased. In 2002, the three sections of Dahuofang reservoir were in medium degree dangerous. The danger degrees from strong to week are:Hun 73> Hun 27> Hun 7.(3) The studies on the land use and soil erosion showed that:①from 1998 to 2005, the area of shrub forest and arid land decreased, other land use types are all increased. The continuity of forest and shrub forest enhanced, other types are more fragmenting in different degree. On the landscape level, the Shannon Diversity, Shannon Evenness and Fractal Dimension increased, but the Dominance, Contagion and Aggregation Index decreased from 1998 to 2005. On the class level, the Fractal Dimension of shrub forest and forest decreased, other types are increased. The Aggregation Index of forest increased, other types decreased. In total, the landscape has the tendency of fragmentation.②the soil erosion degree of Fushun city are changed from mired, light, medium to strong. In total, the main areas are in mired, light and medium erosion degree. The strong erosion only occurred in small area. The erosion area decreased but erosion intensity increased since 1998 to 2005. The slope, elevation and landuse types have a little strong relation with the soil erosion degrees. (4) The healthy risk assessment of Fushun city drew these conclusions:①in the aspect of air environment, the lifetime individual dangers caused by SO2 and NOx have positive relationship with the content of them, and dangers are lightening at the moment.②in the aspect of Dahuofang reservoir, carcinogens are the main source of dangerous. Among them, the healthy risk value of Cr is the highest, which reached 130 to 260 times of the normal value since 2000; the healthy risk of As reached 27 times of the normal value since 2000; the healthy risk of Cd is the lowest. The risk value non-carcinogens are lower than the normal value from 1 to 2 orders.③In the aspect of soil:in the city area, the risk values of non-carcinogens are greater than that of carcinogens. Among the non-carcinogens, F is the most dangerous, which is exceeding about 1000 times of the normal value. Among the carcinogens, Cr is the most dangerous. In Lishi polluted water irrigation area, the carcinogens destroy the human health through ingestion, and the non-carcinogens through the dermal absorption. Among the 15 samples, the risk values of Cd in 6 samples are 50 times higher than the normal value. In total, the rices planted in this area have great danger to human healthy. In the mine area, crops planted in the tailing area also have the high risk to human healthy through carcinogens.(5) The studies on the ecological environmental security comprehensive evaluation showed that:in 1998, the security of Xinbin county is the highest, the indices is lower than 2.5; the security of Qingyuan and Fushun county are medium, the indices are changed from 2.5 to 3.0; the security of Fushun urban area are the lowest, the indices are changed from 3.7 to 4.0, and near the west open-pit mine located in the city center, the indices even reached 4.3, which is approached the maxima value 5. In 2005, the security of Xinbin county is still the highest, but the security of southeast area decreased a little; the indices of Qingyuan and Fushun county is lower than 2.6, the security increased a little. The security of Fushun urban area are still the lowest, the indices are changed from 3.2 to 3.8. Compared with the value of 1998, the security increased, which showed the progress in the environment management during this period.