Study On The Influnence Of The Water Quality From Eco-environmental Variation At The Water Source Areas Of Maotai Liquor

Guizhou Maotai liquor is the geographical original product protected by the state. The unique quality of Maotai liquor is formed by the unique regional environment.This paper researched on the eco-environment and water quality at the water source areas of Maotai liquor. Firstly, this paper extracted the eco-environment factors in the study area from 1988 to 2013 based on RS and GIS technology, and constructed the remote sensing eco-environment index(RSEI) suitable for the tapical Karst area. Then, comprehensive use of the water quality data from field sampling, GIS and multivariate statistics analysis tools, this paper studied the correlation of eco-environment factors and water-quality parameters, and built the water quality response model by the regression model predicted method. And on this basis, this paper calculated the variation of water-quality parameters caused by the change of eco-environment in the 25 years, and the main results are as follows:(1)This paper constructed the RSEI from greenness, dryness, wetness and heatness, reinterpretded and reevaluated the component factors of RSEI according to the characteristics of Karst region. Thus, the bare rock rate is the most important factor affected the RSEI in typical Karst region.(2)Essentially, land use patterns cann’t lead to the pollution, but the forms of human production and activity reflected by land use decide the pollution level. There is a close relationship between the land use patterns and river water quality in the basin. The construction land and slope farmland more than 25 degrees active as “source”, while the forest land active as “sink”. The construction land and slope farmland are the biggest negative influences to the water quality. On the one hand, there are many towns, villages, nearly 3 million people and an abundance of livestock and poultry live in the water source area. The municipal and industrial sewage, rural non-point source pollution(from cultivating and breeding) are the important pollutant source. On the other hand, the water source area is belonged to the typical Karst area where the gradient is large, soillayer is thin and soil erosion is severest, especially on the influence of rainfall in wet season, the accumulated excess pesticide,fertilizer and excrement from poultry and livestock flow into the river along with the terrain.(3)Except land use, the water-quality parameters have close relationship with vegetation cover and RSEI. The relativity(among TP, TN, NH3-N, COD, comprehensive water-quality index and vegetation cover grade) shows more obvious in wet seasons and changes from positive correlation to negative correlation with the increase of vegetation cover grade, while DO is opposite. The average RSEI shows obvious positive correlation with TP, TN, NH3-N, COD and comprehensive water-quality index, especially in wet seasons. Thus good eco-environment and high vegetation cover plays an important “sink” function to the water environment.(4)Based on the water quality and the land use transition matrix at the 5 regular water quality monitoring sections(Qingshuipu, Qingchi, Huangqiao,Xiaohekou and Maotai) in Guizhou province from 2009 to 2013, the research found the relationship between the variation of land use patterns and the variation of water-quality parameters. The results showed, the increment of NH3-N and TP have a obviously positive correlation with the increment of the construction land. It further shows that humanity’s production and domestic living pollution reflected by the construction land is the most important pollution sources of NH3-N and TP.(5)Established the water quality response equation related to every eco-environment factors. Showing by the progressive multiple linear regression, there isn’t a single eco-environment factor that can describe all the water-quality parameters, but most water-quality parameters can be predicted by the function of one or two eco-environment factors. The comprehensive water-quality index can be predicted by the construction land and average RSEI, TP can be predicted by the construction land and slope farmland more than 25 degrees, NH3-N can be predicted by the construction land, DO can be predicted by the low vegetation cover.(6)Based on the water quality response model, the variation of water-quality parameters caused by the variation of eco-environment factors can be calculated. In the 25 years, the study area have been went through the process that the eco-environment became better, the farmland reduction while the construction land largely increased. During the process, comprehensive water quality changed from I in 1988 to II in 2013 at the Xiaohekou sub-watershed where is the intake of Moutai liquior. Wh ile, it changed from I in 1988 to III in 2013 at Maotai sub-watershed. So, we can conclude that the anghropic activity reflected by the construction land plays a critical role to the wate quality of this region.