Researches On Optical Metamaterials Of Metallic Nano-Holes

Information Technology has deeply influenced human being’s life style in recent years, and electrons and photons play a very important role as the main carriers of information. From the time people invented the first computer, to nowadays laptops and cell phones have been widely used, electronics integration technology has achieved great progress and success; by contrast, photonics integration technology falls behind a lot. Scientists in optical domain are facing a basic problem:can people really realize the photonics integration technology, and apply it to the photonic calculation?. By now scientists have proposed lots of kinds of structural system in order to realize applicable photonic chips, and optical metamaterial is one of the hottest areas among them. In recent years, with the publication of a series works on negative refraction effect, superlens, left-hand materials and invisible cloaks, researches on optical metamaterials have attracted attentions in scientific society from all kinds of fields, including Photonics, Electromagnetism, Information Science and Microfabrication. By studying the properties of optical metamaterials, people have found a lot of new phenomena and new applications.At first, people are more interested in complicated structure units like split-ring resonators. But with the ongoing of research, people find that metamaterials composed of the simplest metal holes also have good resonant properties. More importantly, the smaller the waveband people research is, the higher the requirement of microfabricating technology is. So metamaterials based on the easy-to-make metallic nanoholes become one of our most important research objects. This thesis researches this kind of metamaterials theoretically and experimentally, and can be divided into the following parts.1. We investigate magnetic plasmon modes in one dimensional metachain composed of metal holes. Based on the equivalent LC circuit model method, we study the magnetic plasmon modes excited in the chain through numerical simulation and experimental measurement. Through optimizing the structure, this meta-chain can both be excited by magnetic resonance and electric resonance. We change the angle of incident light and analyze the dispersion properties of this structure, and calculate it with the Lagrange equation. The calculation results fit well with the experiment results. Moreover, we use the concept of polymer in chemical field, and find some connections between the man-made structures, the coupling effect and polymers. Based on this we design a one-dimensional dumb-bell chain. Meta-atoms on the side of the chain allow it to be excited by TM wave. This increase the coupling efficiency of the meta-chain.2. In order to studiy how the two dimensional metasuface based on metal hole influence the phase of light, we design a Fabry-Perot cavity based on two dimensional anistropic metasurface. This metasurface is designed so that it has different magnetic plasmon mode and different phase control effect for incident lights with different polarization properties. Because the resonant peaks of the FP cavity responds to the change of phase sensitively, we can theoretically and experimentally prove that the metasurface can control the phase of incident light. Moreover, through the photothermal effect caused by the FP resonant, we can use a controllable high-energy laser to tune the resonant mode of the FP cavity, and realize the self-control of the polarization state of the transmitted light. Analysis to the model shows that we can design FP meta-cavity with more flexible tuning properties by changing the effective surface conductivity.3. We design a three dimensional multi-layer meta-crystal composed of metal holes and analyze its magnetic plasmon coupling mode through numerical simulation and experiment. To study the interaction between the metamaterial and quantum system, we develop a kind of bulk multi-layer fishnet metamaterial, and perform a Hong-Ou-Mandel two-photon quantum interference experiment with it to prove the quantum nature of the magnetic plasmon waves as they are excited by single photon in the meta-crystal. In the experiment, we observe the HOM dip with and without the bulk metamaterial sample, proving that at the process of the conversion from photon to MPW, the quantum properties are preserved well. Finally, with the aid of quantum optics, we second quantize the Hamiltonian of the bulk metamaterial, and introduce the concept of meton, which means the quasi-particle created in the metamaterial, to explain the experiment results in depth.