Study On Risk Assessment Of Marine Oil Spill Disaster And Construction Of Emergency Management System Of Offshore Oil Enterprises

In human society, with the increasing demand for oil, petroleum mining efforts also increased. The situation that onshore oil reserves to reduce and mining requires to improve appears. So, petroleum development gradually extended to offshore resources from the land. Sea is rich reserves of oil and natural gas resources, offshore oil development work in providing petroleum energy and play the double-edged sword effect at the same time, the existing of marine oil spilling disaster has brought serious harm to the marine ecological environment and human social economy.Risk assessment of marine oil spilling disaster and construction of efficient disaster emergency management system provide great help to the work of disaster prevention and reduction of marine oil spilling. The special working environment in offshore oil development process makes disaster factors diversified. It includes technical factors in offshore oil exploration and development process, technical factors and equipment failure in development process, pipeline rupture and ship fault in process of oil and gas storage and transportation, the bad natural environment, the management quality of petroleum enterprise, physical condition and ideological quality of production operator, adaptability of enterprise management system and so on. This thesis consults the domestic and foreign research results of the risk assessment related marine oil spilling disaster, data displays.Marine oil spilling risk prevention by experts and scholars mainly carried on the monitoring and prevention of oil spilling risk from research and development of advanced monitoring system to enhance the accuracy of monitoring data, etc., paying attention to determine the enterprise risk levels by monitoring technology. But marine oil spilling belongs to man-made disaster, human behavior has a close relationship to the inducing and development of hazard factors. So, this study intends to man-made elements of oil spilling disaster factors as the foothold, starting from the view of management. Divided the controllable human factor into two types of evaluation index, it includes organizational management and production operation layer and make marine oil spill risk assessment of petroleum enterprises. Based on the Haddon model of "three stages, three factors" theory, this paper analysis the present situation of our countries’oil spilling emergency management system, finding out the existing problems in each stage, targeted for comprehensive analysis. Based on the advanced experience of marine oil spilling emergency management of American, Canada, it put forward the detailed countermeasures and suggestions for our country. Carding the idea and the problems to be solved of research, the framework and content of this research follow as:(1) basic theory of risk assessment and emergency management system of marine oil spillingDefining the concept and scope of expression of oil spilling risk and disaster emergency management, this paper introduces the commonly used methods and research model for risk assessment, construction of emergency system., and discussed the related theories of enterprise management, sustainable development and risk management, laying a necessary theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable study.(2)the causes and harm of marine oil spilling disasterThis study summarized production characteristics, organizational structure, development course and the present situation of offshore oil enterprise, making Chinese offshore oil company as an example. The production environment and production of the special characteristics of marine oil spill has decided the inevitability of the existence of the accident, this paper analysis different type of oil spills existed in the oil and gas exploration, development and production of oil and gas storage and transportation, and determine the root cause of the accident and source of oil spill disaster. Through the analysis of the oil spill particles migration in the marine environment, it clear the specific hazard of oil spilling disaster on the marine environment, marine ecology and human society, and also demonstrates that the oil spill disaster risk assessment and the necessity of constructing the disaster emergency system.(3) analysis the mechanism of causing factors of marine oil spilling disasterBased on the harm degree of marine oil spilling disaster, it analysis the causing factors of oil spilling disaster, environment of disaster pregnant, according to the oil spill disaster category classification, specially showing the different types of oil spill disaster occurrence mechanism, disaster characteristics and disaster prevention requirements and make groundwork for identifying and selecting risk index from the enterprise angle.(4) identification and analysis of risk factors of oil spilling in the offshore petroleum enterpriseAccording to the characteristics of offshore oil enterprise, select oil spilling disaster factors from the technical conditions, management level and the enterprise environment etc. and design marine oil spilling disaster risk index questionnaire, select the well-known of management and production process in marine petroleum enterprise to answer the questionnaire. Statistics the micro data, ensure the accuracy of the effectiveness of the work after reliability and validity test. Then identify the key factor by using SPSS analysis software and determine risk index at all levels. The enterprise of oil spilling risk factor set includes 17 numbers:managers’emergency ability, the supervision ability of managers, coordination and communication ability, the enterprise’adaptability of rules and regulations, management degree of precision and organization, the rationality of enterprise incentive mechanism, diploma degree, working time, innovation ability, learning ability, psychological quality, physiological quality, the consciousness of responsibility, moral character, post loyalty, work environment and rest environment of operators.(5) oil spilling risk assessment and application of offshore oil companyDifferent offshore oil enterprise has different production situations, so the weight of risk indicators is also different. Take one offshore oil enterprise as the research object, using the oil spill risk factor set determined in the front chapter, analysis on the oil spilling risk grade of the enterprise. Invite business executives and senior business experts of the enterprise to quantify the importance of oil spilling disaster risk index., and determine the weight of each index in the index system, randomly selected employees of enterprises to survey the oil spill risk, processing data and analysis the result, get the degree of risk enterprises and all levels of indicators to assess the overall oil spill risk grade. Enterprise management and security departments should analysis and summary the evaluation results seriously, for higher index level of risk involved in management and production processes, the managers should timely safety the hidden danger investigation and adjust program reasonable in order to reduce the oil spilling risk and ensure the offshore oil production work’safety.(6) construction of marine oil spill disaster emergency management systemOil spill disaster risk assessment of offshore oil enterprise quantified the oil spilling risk degree, Management and security department must take necessary measures to adjust and disaster emergency work, reasonable emergency measures plays a very key role in reducing the oil spilling risk. According to the concept of the Haddon model, the paper analysis of the present situation and seek the reason of emergency management system of our country. By drawing on the American, Canada and other countries of advanced marine oil spill emergency management system, combining the characteristics of Chinese offshore oil development, it puts forward the related countermeasure and suggestions of construction of high performance marine oil spilling disaster emergency system hierarchically about the pre disaster monitoring and prevention stage, disaster emergency disposal stages and post disaster management stage.In the guidance of enterprise management theory, natural disasters theory, sustainable development theory and based on the production characteristics of offshore oil enterprise, this paper has made effective evaluation for offshore oil spill risk and constructed a high marine oil spilling emergency management system. The innovation of analysis angle and the method to determine the risk level have realized. It can offer help and reference value for protecting marine environment, promoting economic growth, maintaining social stability and realizing the sustainable development of ocean resources.