Investigation On Graphene Functionalized With Energetic Groups

Carbon materials are widely used as functional additives in composite energetic materials, which are used to improve the dielectric constant of the system, reduce static electricity hazards, lower the risk of collision, friction, and regulate combustion and detonation properties. Graphene is a novel carbon material which has a special two-dimensional structure, its good thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, adjustable layers, moderate chemical activity, etc., make it very suitable as additives in high explosive systems. In order to introduce graphene into energetic material system, the present work chemically functionalized graphene with energetic functional groups and conducted a comprehensive characterization of the thermal decomposition, explosion heat, sensitivity and other properties were analyzed. The main contents are as follows:By simple chemical route and the use of flake graphite, a high nitrogen content nitrification graphene was designed and synthesized; structural analysis showed that the graphene surface nitrified one carbon atom in every eight carbon atoms; the nitro primarily connected via C-NO2 and O-NO2 to graphene.Aminated graphene is designed and synthesized by ammonia reaction from halogenated graphene. The reaction was performed with mild experimental conditions and high yield, neither high temperature nor high pressure was applied to achieve aminated graphene. Structure analysis shows on the aminated graphene surface every 5 to 6 carbon atoms can be connected to an amino group, and the amino groups on its surface are mainly primary amine.The single-nitrobenzyl azepine graphene was designed and synthesized by direct addition reaction of nitrene with graphene. The reaction synthetic route is simple and low cost. Structural analysis showed nitrobenzyl covalently linked to graphene via seven-membered heterocyclic ring, and on average, one carbon atom from 9.6 carbon atoms is a participant to seven-membered ring.The analysis results proved that among the three modified graphene materials, nitrate graphene has excellent thermal stability, heat resistance and flammability, and can be dispersed in a variety of solvents, it retains both superior physical performance of graphene material and high-energy properties of energetic materials, and is expected to be applied as an energetic chemical materials in explosives, gunpowder and propellant fields. Amine graphene shows highest thermal stability, relative heat resistance and combustion, and is expected to be used as new nano-energetic additives, which will play a regulatory role in the sensitivity of high explosive systems. The energy performance of p-nitrobenzyl- azepine graphene is not as expected, but its succesful synthesis proved the possibility of more nitroaromatic compounds to form azetidin graphene through covalently bound, laid the foundation for the preparation research of explosives molecules aza graphene, and also as to further chemical modification of functional precursor graphene materials, which has great scientific value and economic value.