The Development And Transformation Of Urban And Constructions Administration System In Modern China (1840-1937)

From 1840 to 1937, the Chinese urban and constructions has experienced the most important time of modernization. The process is composed of modernization not only in material but in system and concept. The dissertation focuses on the relationship between the government and the activity of constructions while the modern urban and architecture was undergoing transformation and development. Internal force and external force, government and Folk as well as Authority Mechanism and Technical Mechanism become the three important clues in the dissertation to discuss on the administration system on urban and constructions. Through reading a lot of documents and categorizing and recording the first-hand historical files, the author is devoted to restoring a constant changing process of the constructions management mechanism applied to Chinese typical city out of concession. The article hopes to find the law and driving force behind the city constructions development in modern China so as to provide the historical lesson for reflection on the administration system on urban and constructions in modern China.From dissimilar viewpoints and the corresponding investigation, the article clear up the transformation and the driving-force of the conception of the administration system on urban and constructions; find out the relationship between the tradition and the transformation; parse the characteristics, the gains and the losses of the variance of the administration system on urban and constructions.From the viewpoint of the cognition, the article elaborates the cognition to separate function from conception of the city constructions while the western civilization is imported by force, further, the cognition of the administration system on urban and constructions, which is the essential preparation for related mechanism changes.From the viewpoint of the transformation of Chinese traditional society, the article investigates the variance, the inheritance and the development of the administration system around the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The change and development of Public Regions in traditional Chinese society has become an important starting point in research.From the viewpoint of technology and authority, the article investigates the change path of the administration system on urban and constructions. During the process, China was under the weak leadership or the powerful leadership of the central government. It is found that there was not only municipal autonomy under folk mechanism like in Shanghai but also regional autonomy pushed by government like in Tianjin and Beijing.The change of the administration system on urban and the constructions was a process from amassment to development, apposition, and prominency. From the process, we could discern history, and find out the origin of the present situation of contemporary society, but also summarize the gains and the losses to explore the solution of the contemporary social issue.