Research On The Influence Mechanism Of Transit Station Surrounding Land Use On Transit Ridership

Traffic congestion hurts the vitality of cities, at the same time causing environmental pollution, is a major obstacle in the way of human development. Collaborative planning of land use and public transportation could be a fundamental solution to traffic congestion, which will help to optimize the spatial and temporal distribution of travel demand, improve traffic efficiency. Considering the leading role of urban transit in a public transportation system, conducting a research between land use and urban transit ridership is of realistic significance to the alleviation of traffic congestion.Existing direct Estimation Models mainly focus on the estimation of urban transit boarding volume. Actually, transit load consists of two major parts: boarding volume and through volume. Conducting a systematically research on the boarding and distribution volume of urban transit ridership could help to achieve the goal of collaborative planning of land use and public transportation, thus reduce the possibility of overall congestion caused by partly overload, making full use of public transportation network capacity.Sticking to the relationship between land use and travel demand, based on the Point of Interest(POI) data from Beijing electric map, Automatic Fare Collection(AFC) data from Beijing transit stations and a large scale transit travel field investigation, this thesis conducted a research towards the influence mechanism of land use on the urban transit boarding and distribution ridership. Research mainly focus on five contents: transit station catchment area delineating method, precise quantization method of land use surrounding transit stations, transit station boarding volume direct estimation model considering mixed land use, transit station distribution volume direct estimation model considering land use difference. Detailed research work is described blow.Firstly, literature review. cutting in from the fundamental solution to traffic supply and demand balance, conducted a simple analysis of the existing literature on land use and travel demand interaction, pointing out the significance of finding out the inner mechanism of land use influencing travel demand. Literature reiew was summarized from three aspects: four-step travel demand forecasting method, transit ridership direct estimation model and land use and travel demand interaction, refining ideas for influence mechanism research between land use and transit travel demand. Based on the analysis of current research, came up with five major research procedures, which is: theoretical analysis, transit station multi-modal catchment area delineating method research, database construction of Beijing precise land use data and transit ridership data, transit station boarding volume direct estimation model construction considering mixed land use, transit station distribution volume direct estimation model considering land use difference, followed by an detailed description of the research flow chart and technique route.Secondly, theorical analysis. In the beginning made it clear that the core research point is finding out a mathematical method to describe the influence mechanism of transit station surrounding land use on transit ridership. Then the core research point was broken down into four key points: transit station catchment area delineation method, transit station surrounding land use precise quantization method, transit station boarding volume direct estimation model considering mixed land use, transit station distribution volume direct estimating model considering land use difference. The emphasises are precise land use quantization method based on electric map POI data, as well as the influence mechanism of land use on transit boarding and distribution volume.Thirdly, transit station catchment area delineation. Come up with a catchment area delineation method named multi-modal catchment area, which consists of pedestrian zone, feeder zone(bicycle zone, bus zone) and potential zone. Pedestrian zone means residents within this area prefer to reach the transit station on foot; feeder area means residents within this area prefer to reach the transit station by bicycle or bus; potential area means residents have the needs of transit travel, but it’s not convenient for them to reach a transit station. Based on the transit travel characteristics field investigation, combined with the Beijing road network pattern analysis, the radius of pedestrian area and feeder area is defined as 770 m and 3800 m separately. Potential zone was delineated by introducing Thiessen Polygon form aerography, which divided the overlapped part of pedestrian and feeder zones as well.Fourthly, construction of precise land use data and transit ridership data database. This chapter illustrated the acquisition, process and analysis procedure of electric map POI data and urban transit AFC data. In the AFC data processing part, the operational principle, data source and processing method was introduced, based on which a processing and analyzing system was developed, this system was used to analyze the boarding volume of transit stations, as well as the distribution volume between transit stations. In the POI data processing part, the classification and process procedure is introduced systematically, in the order of POI operational principle, POI acquisition, coordinate system unification, POI selection, POI reclassification, built area quantization, travel weight calculation, precise land use data is represented by five major POI types: residential, work, education, shopping, and recreation. The processing results of POI and AFC data served as the basis of follow up model construction.Fifthly, transit station boarding volume direct estimation model construction based on mixed land use. Define the ratio of each land use type built up area and total built up area separately as: work coefficient, education efficient, residential coefficient, shopping coefficient, recreation coefficient, the ratio of boarding volume and total built up area as travel rate. Mixed land use index was proposed based on the analysis of the influence mechanism of mixed land use on transit station boarding volume. Three other indexes: parking lot number, bus station number, and distance to city center were proposed through the analysis of traffic and locational factor. Finally, a transit station boarding volume direct estimation model was constructed based on mixed land use characteristics, by randomly selecting 24 sample stations. Model validation shows the estimation result meets expectation.Sixthly, transit station distribution volume direct estimation model construction based on land use difference. Land use difference index was proposed based on the analysis of the influence mechanism of land use on trip distribution. Six other indexes were proposed through the analysis of generation and attraction volume, road section impedance and social economic characteristics, which are: attraction volume, generation volume, travel time, bus station number, parking lot number and distance to city center. A transit station distribution volume direct estimation model was constructed by randomly selecting 31 sample stations. Model validation results show the estimation result meets expectation.Finally, policy recommendations. Based on the major findings, policy recommendations were proposed in three aspects: green travel system construction, transit station boarding volume administration measures, transit station distribution volume administration measures. The first part summarized the key points of green travel system construction, and took Beijing urban transit network as an example, described the construction strategies from both overall and station level. The second part described the transit station boarding volume administration measures based on the proposed boarding volume direct estimation model. The third part described the transit station distribution volume administration measures based on the proposed distribution volume direct estimation model.This thesis conducted a research of the influence mechanism of land use pattern on urban transit travel demand, based on the delineation of transit station multi-modal catchment area, come up with a green travel system construction method and corresponding land use adjustment strategy. Research findings could provide a solid basis for the coordinated planning of public transport system and urban land use, in the hope of avoiding irreversible congestions caused by unbalanced travel demand and supply, thus promote the standard of city operation.