| Mei flower (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.), combined with rich flower color, fragrance, shape and special charm, was one of the ten famous flowers in China. A large number of cultivars developed during application history of over 7000 years and cultivation history of more than 3000 years. Morphological charaters, the number and morphology of chromosome, pollen morphology, isozyme and DNA characters were used to classification of P. mume, but the results were not uniform.135 accessions of P. mume in Center of Mei Flower Research of China were collected as experimental materials in this study. ISSR, SRAP and SSR were used to the studies on genetic diversity of Mei flower germplasm. The results were as follows:1. Genetic diversity analysis of Mei flower based on ISSR dataA total of 144 bands generated by 13 informative ISSR primers screened from 38 ISSR primers,11 of which were unique to specific accessions in 135 P. mume samples. The mean polymorphic information content of ISSR markers was 0.6712 and the rate of polymorphic bands was 91.0%. The results of clustering analysis using UPGMA showed that the 135 genotypes could be divided into 3 groups. The first group included the wild Mei and Apricot Mei germplasm, while the second consisted of the Eumume cultivars, Meiren Group formed the third group. In group of Eummume cultivars, the cultivars in Cinnabar Group and Pendulous Group formed two relatively independent subgroups, while the cultivars in Pink Double Group were divided into two subgroups, the cultivars in one subgroup clustering with the ones in Single Flowered Group, and the cultivars in another subgroup clustering with the ones in Green Calyx Group, Flavescens Group, Albo-plena Group and Versicolor Group. The principal coordinate analysis partly supported the results of clustering analysis.2. Genetic diversity analysis of Mei flower based on SRAP data17 informative SRAP primer combinations screened from 170 SRAP primer pairs produced 124 bands,20 of which were unique to specific accessions and 87.5% were polymorphic in 135 accessions of P. mume. The polymorphic information content was 0.5120. The results of clustering analysis based on UPGMA showed that the 135 genotypes could be divided into 2 groups. The first group included the Eumume germplasm, while the second consisted of the cultivars in Apricot Mei and Meiren Group introgressing other related species genes. In Eummume germplasm, wild Mei and the cultivars in Cinnabar Group and Pendulous Group formed three relatively independent subgroups, respectively, while the cultivars in Pink Double Group were divided into two subgroups, the cultivars in one subgroup clustering with the ones in Single Flowered Group, and the cultivars in another subgroup clustering with the ones in Green Calyx Group, Flavescens Group, Albo-plena Group and Versicolor Group. The principal coordinate analysis partly supported the results of clustering analysis.3. Genetic diversity analysis of Mei flower based on SSR data.11 SSR primer pairs were developed from genome DNA of’Xue Mei’using FIASCO method, of which 10 primer pairs amplied the AG motif and 1 primer pairs amplified the (GT)24(AG)16 motif.14 informative SSR primer pairs screened from 43 SSR primer pairs produced 177 bands,20 of which were unique to specific accessions and 94.4% were polymorphic in 135 accessions of P. mume. The polymorphic information content was 0.6450. The results of clustering analysis based on UPGMA showed that the 135 genotypes could be divided into 3 groups. The first group included the wild Mei and Apricot Mei germplasm, while the second consisted of the Eumume cultivars, Meiren Group formed the third group. In group of Eummume cultivars, the cultivars in Cinnabar Group and Pendulous Group formed two relatively independent subgroups, while the cultivars in Pink Double Group were divided into two subgroups, the cultivars in one subgroup clustering with the ones in Single Flowered Group, and the cultivars in another subgroup clustering with the ones in Green Calyx Group, Flavescens Group, Albo-plena Group and Versicolor Group. The principal coordinate analysis partly supported the results of clustering analysis.4. Genetic diversity analysis based on integrated data of ISSR and SSR.The study on the phylogeny of 135 P. mume accessions was conducted based on the integrated ISSR, SRAP and SSR markers data. The correlation between the similarity coefficients matrix of SSR and ISSR was r=0.8237, which meant SSR and ISSR were identical to each other, while the correlation value between the similarity coefficients matrix of SRAP and ISSR, SRAP and SSR, was low (0.5531 and 0.4852, respectively). The genetic relationship among the 135 Mei flower accessions could be well defined based on the integrated ISSR, SRAP and ISSR markers data. The pedigrees revealed by SSR and ISSR were basically similar, but the average polymorphic rate and polymorphic information content amplified by SSR in the 135 Mei flower accessions were higher than ones by ISSR. |
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