Multi-locus Phylogeny Of Colletotrichum Species In Guizhou, Yunnan And Guangxi, China

Colletotrichum Cda. is one of the most important plant pathogens worldwide causing the economically important disease anthracnose in a wide range of hosts including cereals, legumes, vegetables, perennial crops and tree fruits. The current identifying Colletotrichum species is largely based on a combination of morphological and cultural characteristics. Due to limited numbers of morphological characters available in culture coupled with inherent phenotypic plasticity, correct identification of the species has always been difficult since introduced by Corda in 1831. it is urgent to elucidate species concept and clarify the systematics of the genus. Colletotrichum species have not been studyied thoroughly in China. The main objective of this study was to identify correctly and characterize the Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose in Guizhou, Yunan and Guangxi, China, and then evaluated the role of morphology characters and multilocue phylogenics analysis through compairing those type or epitype and other isolates.In the present study, we collected the tissues with anthracnose from Amaryllidaceae, Leguminoseae, Liliaceae, Orchideaceae, Solanaceae plants in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi, China, and obtained the type or epitype stains from the international culture centres for compairing study. We used the single spore isolation method to obtain the pathogen from the tissues with anthracnose and recognized those isolates based on morphological characters and multilocus (ACT, CAL, CHS I, GPDH, ITS, TUB2) sequences phylogenetic analysis, as well as their host range.In this study, total 190 isolates were obtained from 38 hosts belonging to 35 genera of 7 families in Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan, China, and six type (epitypes) or well known strains were collected from some international centres. Combination morphological, melocular and host rangs, the 190 isolates represent 22 taxa. Among of them,5 are novel to science. They are Colletotrichum cliviae Y. L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai, sp. Nov., C. hemerocallidis Y. L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai, sp. Nov., C. hippeastri Y. L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai, sp. Nov., C. hymenocallidis Y. L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai, sp. Nov. and C. karstii Y. L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai, sp. Nov. The pathogenecity for Colletotrichum cliviae, C. hippeastri, C. hymenocallidis, C. karstii showed that they are not specific-host, and following isolation confirmed this. In addition,5 species, Colletotrichum brevispora Phoulivong, Noireung, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde, C. fructicola Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde, C. liriopes Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. siamense Prihastuti, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde and C. spaethianum (Allesch.) Damm, P. F. Cannon & Crous are new records in China. There are 66 species recorded in scientific literatures or formally accepted in the recent three decades. Our isolates in this study from the three provinces is one-third. This shows that the plant anthracnose is severe in the area.Colletotrichum truncatum is a mainly agent causing anthracnose in the three provinces, China. Total 41 strains of this species were isolated in this study. This species causes severe anthracnose on longbean, common bean and chili (84.2%,69.4 and 17.2% to the total anthracnose pathogen of the three crops, respectively). In addition, this species also, infects tomato, eggplant (Solanaceae) and spider lily (Amaryllidaceae). Colletotrichum cliviae has an abroad host range, it occurres on plants in Amaryllidaceae, Leguminoseae, Orchideaceae and Solanaceae. But this species is not the mainly anthracnose cause agent on these plants.13 isolates were obtained from above motioned families,6.8% to the total 186 isolates. Colletotrithum crassipes was responsibility for chili anthracnose in Fenggang, Guizhou in 2008.10 isolates (5.3% to total 190 isolates) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, this indicated that this species is not abroad host range. C. gloeosporioides caused anthracnose on Lycium chinense, Vanda sp., Capsicum annuum, Hemerocallis fulva and H. citrina.This is first detailed investigation the anthracnose cause agent on the Amaryllida-ceae, Leguminoseae, Liliaceae, Orchideaceae, Solanaceae plants, and the above outcome will have important practical implications for the plant pathology, plant breeding and quarantine communities both internationally and in China.