Urban Forest Scenic Spot Ecological Evaluation Research And Development Mode

With the increase of urban population and the accelerated urbanization process, the urban construction land is crowding out more and more natural landscape; natural resources represented by forest resources have changed their original landscape patterns due to the increasingly severe man-made interference which has also brought a negative impact on landscape process to a greater degree. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of the tourist industry in China, more and more forest resources have been exploited into forest scenic spots, forming some nationwide famous forest parks and forest tourist area, forest ecological tourism is gradually becoming a new growth point for China’s tourism economy and forestry economy. While the income of the forest tourism is growing, the intensity of interference bore by the forest landscape has also enhanced with the increasing number of tourists, the contradiction between forest landscape stability maintenance and tourist activities is increase. In the process of urbanization in China, people are more and more concerned about environmental protection and ecological construction in recent years. It is widely recognized that urban forests play an important strategic role in the city and has very important ecological and environmental value. Against this backdrop, it is necessary to study the ecological value, the ecological risk and the development mode of the urban forest park systematically. In this way, we can strengthen the protective exploitation of urban forest by way of ecological assessment and realize their tourism economy function as well as display their remarkable ecological and environmental functions. On the basis of summarizing the related research findings both at home and abroad which already exist and guided by the scientific theory of the disciplines such as Urban Ecology, Forest Ecology, Restoration Ecology, Environmental Economics, Tourism Geography, etc. This paper followed the research model of "Inspection of Time and Space-Assessment of Ecological Resources-Assessment of Ecological Value-Assessment of Ecological Risk-Study of Development Mode", integrated different kinds of data such as RS image, forest inventory investigation and used various kinds of techniques and methods such as special analysis, mathematical statistics, and factor-overlap in the study. Take Zhongshan Mountain National Park as the case study, this paper comprehensively studied the ecological resources, ecological value, ecological risk and development mode of the urban forest park in depth. In terms of techniques, this paper dealt with the EMT+images of Zhongshan area in2003,2005and2009by NDVI of ENVI4.7in order to analyze the change of the stock volume, analyzed the situation of forest health in Zhongshan area based on hyper spectral data of environmental satellite in2010; used the MODIS method to analyze the Aerosol Optical Depth of Nanjing; it also used the mathematic model and calculated method of the coordinated development degree to measure the tourism economy and ecological and environmental coordinated development degree of Nanjing Applied ArcGIS Desktop9.1to extract data from forest inventory investigation data of the case area in2002, and then formed the evaluation factor, based on the RBFN model, this paper also assessed the ecological risk of the case area using MATLAB7.0. Most of the research was carried out in a quantitative way, and the four different development modes were brought forward in a qualitative way, so it has stronger practical value.This paper is divided into four parts:the first part is basic study including Chapter1, Chapter2and Chapter3. This part focuses on the description of the research background, research meaning, research contents, research methods, research approach, and research framework of the paper. It defined the concepts related with the urban forest park, summarizes the related study findings both at home and abroad and the related theoretical basis. The second part is comprehensive analysis which includes Chapter4, chapter5and Chapter6. It mainly studied the research scope, the general information of the environment, resources, forestry history, and the change in forest resources of the case study. It calculated the ecological value of Zhongshan and analyzed the important role to the coordinated development between the economy and ecology of Nanjing. It also used ArcGIS to abstract data from forest inventory investigation data, formed the four basic factors, and assessed the ecological risk using the method of artificial neural network. The third part is empirical analysis including Chapter7. It summarized the idea, targets and principles to the development of Urban Forest Park. Based on the assessment of ecological value and ecological risk, it formed4development modes. The fourth part is summary of the research which includes Chapter8. It sums up the major research conclusions, analyzed the innovations and shortages of the research, and also point out the direction of the further study.By using various kinds of data and the application of the RS and GIS technologies, this paper did a relatively comprehensive quantitative research on Urban Forest Park. It also broke through the limitation of qualitative research and single data on the research. The research found out that:①There were three times of the decrease of stock volume in Zhongshan since1949, the third time was because of the degeneration and fragmentation of the landscape by the urbanization and tourist activities.②From2005to2009, due to the comprehensive environmental treatment in surrounding area of Zhongshan Mountain National Park, the forest landscape has been restored, indicating that ecological infrastructure construction has played a positive role in the ecological construction of the urban forest park and the environmental construction of the city.③The forest health was good and the ecological function was stable, the succession and ecological effects was positive, while the degraded coniferous landscape needs human interference to improve it in order to maintain the scenic beauty.④The AOD of Zhongshan Mountain National Park is lower than other parts of Nanjing, which indicates that there are few particulates in the atmosphere. Its atmosphere quality is the best in downtown Nanjing.⑤Through the assessment of the tourism economy and ecological and environmental coordinated development degree, it can be concluded that Nanjing belongs to medium coordinated development level and tourism economy delay type.⑤Using the RBFN model and selected typical forest data for training. The662small classes are divided into four grades:mild risk, medium risk, serious risk and extreme risk. Most of extreme risk area is located in the northeastern and south parts of the mountain.⑦Based on the overlap of ecological value and ecological risk, this study discussed the targets and measure of different kind of development modes.