Effects Of Phosphorus Application On Physiological Characteristics, Matter Production And Nutrient Utilization Of Super-high Yield Spring Maize

At present, the maize super-high yield potential mining were achieved mostly rely onbreaking the soil plough pan by deep loosen, increased plant density and enough fertilizerand water in Chain, but the contradiction was appeared that deep loosen promoted rootgrowing down don’t match with phosphorus nutrients of topsoil enrich extensively afterhigh fertilizer input. Phosphorus application depth and P mixed with N and K was keymethod to improve phosphate utilization efficiency and reach super-high yield. For studythe effects of physiological characteristics, matter production and phosphate efficiency, theJinshan27was used as the test material under phosphorus application depth and P mixedwith N and K condition in2010and2011. The main results were as follows:1. At the same level of phosphorus application, phosphorus application with differentdepths had higher LAI of super-high yield spring maize than that of traditional, and therewere obviously different in mature stage; LAI of phosphorus application with differentdepths were reduced58.1%~69.7%and that of traditional were reduced64.9%~78.7%during silking-maturity stage. Phosphorus application with different depths had smallerleaf angle and higher leaf direction value, and above and middle layer were obvious. SODand POD activities of phosphorus application with different depths were higher and MDAcontent lower, the leaves aged slower, net photosynthetic rate was higher. Canopyphotosynthesis ability and the photosynthetic potential all increased with the increase ofthe phosphorus application, phosphorus application with different depths had higher thanthat of traditional in under the same amount of phosphorus.2. Phosphorus application with different depths have higher accumulation of drymatter than that of traditional at the same level of phosphorus application, and the max drymatter accumulation rate was higher5.5%~10.3%. The dry matter contribution rate to seedwere higher before silking, then lower after silking than traditional. Phosphorus applicationwith different depths had higher transfer dry matter amounts of leaves, stem and sheath,bracteal leaf and ear axis and contribution rate for seed of leaves, stem and sheath,Phosphorus application with traditional have higher contribution rate for seed of bractealleaf and ear axis. Transfer rate was leaves> bracteal leaf and ear axis> stem and sheath,and contribution rate to seed was leaves> stem and sheath>bracteal leaf and ear axis. 3. The root weight, root width in40to60cm soil layer, root vigor, and the activitiesof SOD and POD of roots are all increased with the increase of the phosphorus application,while the MDA content of roots was decreased. The phosphorus application with differentdepths could promote the increase of the root weight and the number of roots per plant indeep soil layers, delay the decrease of root activity in the later growing stages, enhance theactivities of SOD and POD, and reduce the MDA content of roots in different soil layersunder the same level of phosphorus.4. Compared with traditional phosphorus application, the phosphorus content andaccumulation in plant of phosphorus application with different depths were increased invarious degrees, and the different reached a significant level in mature stage; thephosphorus content and accumulation of stem and sheath, leaves, bracteal leaf and ear axishad no significant difference in every growth stages, but the phosphorus content andaccumulation of seed had significant difference in mature stage; There were not significantdifferences distribution rates of each organ in mature stage no matter which methods ofphosphorus application were used. At the same level of phosphorus application,phosphorus application with different depths had higher transfer amounts than that oftraditional within the vegetative of leaves, stem and sheath, bracteal leaf and ear axis.There weren’t obviously regularity in transfer rate and contribution rate for seed.Phosphorus application with different depths significantly lower than traditionalphosphorus application in phosphorus physiological efficiency and phosphorus utilizationefficiency, but phosphorus harvest index and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency were higher.5. P mixed with N and K application could improve ability to accumulate matter ofspring maize, the grain yield of PNK, PN and PK treatments increased respectively by29.0%,18.0%and4.0%than single P fertilization, the max dry matter accumulation ratewere higher respectively by14.3%,19.0%and0.2%, accumulation of dry matter wererespectively higher by19.4%,13.3%and9.1%in mature stage. The dry matteraccumulation after silking and transfer amounts of leaf, stem and sheath, bracteal leaf andear axis were PNK>PN>PK>P>CK. The total transfer rate of leaf and stem and sheath ofPNK, PN and PK treatments were higher respectively by13.8%,7.6%and8.0%,compared to single P fertilization.6. The capacity of nutrient absorption and transfer capacity were increased under thecondition of P mixed with N and K application after silking. The phosphorus accumulationin plant was PNK>PN>PK>P>CK in different growth stage, The phosphorus accumulationof PNK, PN and PK treatments were higher by70.6%,43.3%and23.0%than single Pfertilization, respectively. P mixed with N and K application decreased total transfer rate of phosphorus of plant by2.0%~9.4%compared with control, and contribution rate oftransfer for seed were lower by1.8%~27.2%. Phosphorus harvest index of PNK, PN andPK treatments were higher by9.3%,6.8%and7.4%than single P fertilization，phosphorusphysiological efficiency and phosphorus utilization efficiency were lower. Phosphorusfertilizer absorption efficiency, utilization efficiency, partial factor productivity andphosphate agronomy utilization efficiency were PNK>PN>PK>P.7. The high capacity of phosphorus absorption kept in super high yield spring maize.Contents of P, absorption rate and absorption amount of super high yield spring maize weresignificantly higher, transfer rate of P and contribution rate of accumulate P to grain werelower, Phosphorus harvest index of super high yield spring maize were higher than highspring maize.