| With the improvement of yield in summer maize(Zea mays L.), phosphate(P) absorption, utilization and allocation of summer maize has been changed a lot. This study was to explore the effect of different phosphorus fertilizer rate on yield and phosphorus use efficiency of high-yield summer maize in Huanghuaihai Region. Two summer maize hybrids, Zhengdan958(ZD958) and Denghai618(DH618) were used as experimental materials. Four phosphorus(P2O5) fertilizer rate, 0kg/ha(P0), 45kg/ha(P3), 90kg/ha(P6), 135kg/ha(P9) were designed to explore the effects of phosphate rate on the production, P absorption and efficiency of high-yield summer maize. The results followed: 1. Effects of phosphorus application on grain yield and yield components of high-yield summer maizeUnder the experimental conditions, with increased amount of phosphorus rate, the yield increased first and then decreased, the highest yield of summer maize was P6 when compared to P0 increased 7.95%~18.31%, but P9 fell 2.06%~3.91% compared to the P6. With the increase of the phosphorus application, summer maize spikes per hectare and kernels per spike were increased at first and then decreased, P6 was the most optimum experiment. 2. Effects of the phosphorus application on P fertilizer efficiency of high-yield summer maizePPFP, PAE, PUE, PRE decreased with the increment of P application rates. However, the PHI of different treatments had no significant difference. Under this condition, the highest grain yield of DH618 and ZD958 was P6, 12.2~15.6% higher than P0. It needed to absorb P2O5 1.54 kg for ZD958 and 1.45 kg for DH618 for 100 kilogram grain production under high-yield condition. With increasing phosphorus rate, total phosphorus accumulation increased gradually, under the same levels of phosphorus phosphorus accumulation in DH618 than ZD958 14.18%~29.97%. Capacity of organ phosphorus transport, phosphorus transfer rates of treatments with phosphate were higher than P0. 3. Effects of the phosphorus application on physiological characteristics of high-yield summer maize 3.1 Dry matter accumulation and distributionPhosphorus can increase the amount of dry matter accumulation of maize yielding summer, different growth stages of different varieties of dry matter accumulation of different characteristics. ZD958 dry matter accumulation of phosphorus increased with increasing maturity excess phosphorus ZD958 dry matter accumulation declined slightly before R3. DH618 dry matter accumulation in the growth period with the increased amount of phosphorus render first increased and then decreased. DHP6 processing R6 dry matter accumulation period compared DHP0, DHP3, DHP9 handle increased 12.44%, 8.67% and 3.16%, ZDP6 dry matte accumulation is 26.22% and 8.64% higher than ZDP0 and ZDP3.There was no significant difference between ZDP9 and ZDP6. The increasing of amount of phosphorus had effects on distribution of high-yield summer maize 3.2 Photosynthetic characteristicsUnder the experimental conditions, the High-yield summer maize LAI, SPAD, the net photosynthetic rate, and extended the function of leaves increased with the phosphorus rate. The P9 treatment is the highest one on LAI of ZD958 and DH618, compared with the P0 increased by 1.4 and 0.53. The P6 was highest treatment on SPAD at VT. P6 was the highest treatment in net photosynthetic rate at VT and 20 days after VT. DHP9 net photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than other treatments at 40 days after VT. ZDP3, ZDP6 net photosynthetic were significantly higher than other treatments, but there was no significant difference between ZDP3 and ZDP6. 3.3 Root characteristicsThe number of tips, root volume and root length density of DHP6, ZDP6 treatment were significantly higher than DHP0, ZDP0. The time maximum amount of root appears was at R3, ZDP6 number of tips, root volume, root length density increase of 34.3%, 9.6%, 26.9% compared with ZDP0, DHP6 treatment number of tips, root volume, root length density, respectively, representing an increase of DHP0 29.0%, 31.7%, 30.9%. |
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