| Armeniaca vulgaris cv. Luntaibaixing is an ancient local fine variety of Luntai, native tothe South Xinjiang Basin, with dried, fresh and open apricot stone processing. It has becomethe main variety of the fruit industry in South Xinjiang Basin because of its biologicalcharacteristics such as cold resistance, drought resistance and salinity resistance. Under theconditions of oasis irrigation, lacking in systematic study of nutrient and light demand for thedevelopment of A. vulgaris cv. Luntaibaixing caused generally low and unstable productionand irregular quality. In this study, A. vulgaris cv. Luntaibaixing cultivated in arid oasis underirrigation during the flourishing time was taken as the object, and nutrient and light demandfor the development of A. vulgaris cv. Luntaibaixing was taken as the starting point.Combined with field experiments and sampling analysis, this research was made up of spatialdistribution root, tree nutritional level, light response and diurnal variation of photosynthesis,highlight efficiency canopy structure and photosynthetic effective radiation level of theintercropping roadway crop canopy. The main research results as follows:According to the study of the root spatial distribution patterns of A. vulgaris cv.Luntaibaixing at three different ages (5a,10a and15a) under the irrigation conditions in aridoasis by using the layered digging and image scanning analysis methods. The results showedthat the roots of apricot were mainly constituted by fine roots (d≤1mm), while medium roots(1＜d≤2mm) and thick roots（d＞2mm）had less proportion. The percentage of fine rootlength in the total root length at5a,10a,15a was90.9%,88.4%,79.9%respectively. Theroot length density increased with age and the root length density with different diameterclasses was15a＞10a＞5a. In vertical direction, the root length density first increased andthen declined with soil depth, and the difference of root biomass density between soil layerswas significant. The intensive distributed region of root biomass density at5a,10a,15a was30-80cm,30-100cm,30-100cm soil depth within200cm range from the tree. In horizontaldirection, the differences of root biomass of apricot were significant at different distancesfrom the tree, the farther the distance from the trunk, the smaller root biomass density had.Based on the fertility evaluation, and the DRIS method was used, the production farm ofA. vulgaris cv. Luntaibaixing was considered as a whole. This study established the DRISnutrition diagnosis index system of A. vulgaris cv. Luntaibaixing. At the same time, thenutrient concentrations spectra estimation model was built for A. vulgaris cv. Luntaibaixingbased on the spectral analysis. The nutrition diagnosis index includes3concentration indexesof nutrients and19concentration ratio indexes of nutrients. The suitable value of each nutrientconcentration in leaves were N（22.95-26.77）g/kg, P（0.89-1.61）g/kg, K（25.73-29.52）g/kg, Ca （25.95-34.41） g/kg, Mg （7.58-8.15） g/kg, Fe （66.74-133.66） mg/kg, Mn （10.24-14.72）mg/kg, Cu（12.45-14.51）mg/kg and Zn（47.77-71.42）mg/kg. The treebodies were mainly in lack of N, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn, but P, K, Mg and Mn were in abundantsupply. The nutrients concentration in leaves could be estimated through the spectrumreversely, and we would achieve real time, non-destructive, rapid physical diagnosis for thetree bodies if combined with nutrition diagnosis index.As it was proved by the field controlling test, artificial assistant measures would improvethe fruit setting percentage and its quality, such as artificial pollination in full-bloom stage,spraying plant growth regulator or fertilizer, within the state standards for pesticide residues.Targeted at improving the fruit setting percentage, spraying pollination artificially, sprayingwith0.2g/L paclobutrazol or compound fertilizer (2.1872g/L of boric acid,7.0402g/L ofurea,2.5g/L of sugar) and paclobutrazol (0.2g/L), the fruit setting percentage were increasedto19.94%,8.02%and11.26%. Targeted at improving the fruit quality, spraying gibberellin(100to150mg/L) or paclobutrazol (200mg/L) could increase the soluble solids, vitamin C,total sugar concentration and single fruit weight significantly, while the total acidconcentration would be reduced. Spraying compound fertilizer (4.1935-4.6286g/L of boricacid,6.2429-6.6200g/L of urea,2.5g/L of sugar) and paclobutrazol (0.2g/L) would improvethe fruit quality significantly and fruit setting percentage increased to7.76%-8.14%.Through the curve fitting of field vivo determination and light response, its lightcompensation point was between16and56μmol·m-2·s-1, and the light saturation was between964and1456μmol·m-2·s-1. With the development and maturation of A. vulgaris cv.Luntaibaixing, the light saturation point of leaves showed a downward trend, while themaximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point turned upward. Under the oasisirrigation conditions of high temperature, high light, low air humidity in South Xinjiang Basin,it turned "midday depression" phenomenon caused by non-stomatal factors. Dimensionalseparated of the same-volume in crown method was used in the field to test the canopy leafarea index and light distribution pattern with season changing and yield characteristics ofopen center trees at4main branch opening angle, that is15°,30°,45°and60°. It had shownthat the proportion of invalid zone in crown decreased, while the single yield and mu yieldincreased with the main branch opening angle increasing. When main branch opening anglewas60°, its single yield and mu yield were much higher than15°,30°and45°.Photosynthetically active radiation space-time window theory and method were used to testthe photosynthetically active radiation of canopy in the intercrop of grain and cotton. Thesaturation photosynthetically active radiation space-time window of the winter wheat andcotton in different growth stages increased with tree spacing(4m×6m>3m×6m>2m×6m>3m×5m>3m×4m), and the racing was the main factor of the space-time window. |
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