| The main research area of this research is in Heilongjiang province GanNan Xingjiu, Longjiang cuohai forestry and Qiqihar luyuan basement area. The west of Heilongjiang province low mountain and hilly area belongs to transition zone between Daxing’an mountain and the Songnen plain. Due to drought conditions and poor site conditions, afforestation in this area have low survial rate and low production.Beside that, afforestation in these area need high cost,which due to difficulty and replantation requirement. This problems have influenced on forestry ecological construction of this area and urgently needed researchs abour this area. This study focus on the goal to increase the quality of afforestation in barren hills slope area. The main findings are as follow:(1) Using pot experiment method observe physiological and ecological characteristics of eighteen major tree species in seedling stage, while the photosynthesis rate and water physiological indexes of the trees were measured at the same time. Observed the leaf tissue structure and microstructure of epidermis. Using fuzzy mathematics method evaluate drought resistance of the selected tree species. Meanwhile, in order to compare with the results of potted drought adaptability result, we investigated the actual adaptive production performance of each tree species under different site conditions. Finally, eleven tree species were selected as main afforestation for west of Heilongjiang Province’s Hilly, inculding Pinus sylvestris L.var. mongolica Litv. Picea koraiensis Nakai. Larix olg-ensis Henry. Populus simonii×Pnigra L PopulusDavidiana X P.BolleanaPopulus alba XP.berolinensis. Salix matsudana X S. babylonica Syringa oblata Lindl. Prrunus mandshurica(Maxim.) Skv. Caragana microphylia Lam. Put forward the allocation scheme based on the main biological characteristics of these species.(2) Soil preparations (trenching surrounded by mountains, deep-ditching surrounded by mountains,building one-sided soil ridge surrounded by mountains) were conducted experiments according to different barren mountains. The effects of different soil preparations on soil moisture content, snowfall, soil properties were determined. The survival rate, forest growth situation&reforestation costs were analyzed. Result show that:trenching site preparation can increase the afforestation rate by20%and the tree height increase by above20%in the early stage of the forest; deep-ditching surrounded by mountains&building one-sided soil ridge surrounded by mountains can increase the afforestation rate by10%-20%and the tree height increase by above10%in the early stage of the forest, the afforestation effect is significant. (3) Using the soil moisture content of seeding soil, survival rate of afforestation, tree growth (arbor determination of plant height, diameter at breast height, crown breadth, high growth, determination of shrub plant height, crown breadth, the ground biomass and so on), through differ treatment as coated, waterproofing agent, natural and other kinds of slope plane pressure water treatment method, as comparison test index for catchment effect. The results showed that the effect of processing water effect is best, following by spray waterproofing agent, plane light pressure, cement, natural slope. Choosing the survival rate of trees, high growth, cost and pollution to the environment as the slope evaluation index for synthetic evaluation. The results show that the natural slope and labeling processing is a more ideal collecting measures, the effect of sprayed waterproofing agent and cement processing are the worst.(4) Through water conservation experiments with land cover (experimental film, sand-covering, straw-covering) in planting zones, soil moisture content, afforestation survival rate, height growth under coverage in planting zones were determined and analyzed. Result shows that:the effect of film is the optimal, and then followed straw-covering, sand-covering; water retaining agent, sawdust, perlite, container, farmyard manure were added in the experiment. Experiments of water reserving&soil moisture keeping were conducted. Through determination and comparison about structure of soil nutrients and soil bulk density, survival rate of stand, height growth of stand, the effect of farmyard manure is the optimal, and then followed by adding water retaining agent, adding sawdust. adding container, adding perlite. Combined with afforestion quality&forestation cost, treatment of land cover&water reserving&soil moisture keeping were compared, comparative with CK, in order to improve the quality of the afforestation, added cost by different treatment is cost-effective. Each treatment was conducted comprehensive determination, sequence by using method of membership function for fuzzy mathematics. The effect of film is the optimal, the extent of improving the quality of afforestation are the maximum; followed by adding container, adding farmyard manure,adding water retaining agent, adding sawdust, sand-covering, adding perlite, straw-covering. |
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