Volatile Compounds, Fatty Acid Composition And Sedative Drugs Residue In Veal

In order to evaluate nutritional characteristics of veal and possible drug residues(sedatives), Holstein bull calves were used as the objects for experimental observation. Then 100 g samples of longissimus dorsi(LD), semitendinosus(ST), cucullaris(CL), longis simus lumborum(LL), mesoglutaeus(MG), m. serratur ventralis(SV), rectus abdominis(RA) and m. pectoralis profundus(PP) were collected, respectively and used in experimental study.The volatile of veal has yet to be reported and is one of the important factors determining meat character and quality. To identify the most important aroma compounds in veal from Holstein bull calves fed one of three diets, LD was subjected to solid-phase microextraction(SPME) combined with GC-MS. Totally 125 volatile flavor compounds were detected, among them, 16 aldehydes, 11 alcohols, 9 hydrocarbons, 9 ketones and 9 heterocyclic compounds were identified by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Most of the important odorants were aldehydes and alcohols. For group A(veal calves fed entirely on milk for 100 days before slaughter), the most abundant compound class was the aldehydes(52.231%), while that was alcohols(26.260%) in group C(veal calves fed starter diet for at least 70 days before slaughter). A total of 39 compounds were common in there groups.(Z)-4-heptenal and butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone, N-butyl-benzenesulfonamide and 1, 2, 4-trimethylcyclohexane, 2-Butanone and 1, 11-Tridecadiene were the special flavor compounds in group A, B and C respectively. In both classes the absolute percentages of the volatile compounds in veal were different indicating that the veal diet significantly(P<0.05) affected headspace volatile composition in veal as determined by principal component analysis(PCA). 23 volatile compounds showed significance by using a partial least-squared discriminate analysis(PLS-DA)(VIP>1).The composition of fatty acid in muscle is an important index to evaluate the quality of meat. Eight adipose tissue depots were used as the research objects in order to understand the composition of fatty acid of different locations in veal. Totally 47 fatty acids were separated and measured by gas chromatography-masss pectrometry(GC-MS). There were 18 saturated fatty acids(SFA)(34.60 ~ 39.80%), 29 unsaturated fatty acids(USFA)(58.49 ~ 64.52%). Among the USFA, monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) accounted for 30.51~34.19%, polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) accounted for 28.07 ~ 34.25%. The most important SFA were palmitic acid(17.87 ~ 21.24%), stearic acid(13.06 ~ 14.53%) and myristic acid(0.78 ~ 1.20%); USFA contents were high in oleic acid(25.54 ~ 27.93%), linoleic acid(14.26 ~ 16.56%), 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid(5.23 ~ 9.84%), 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid(1.65 ~ 2.27%), 5, 8, 11, 14, 17-eicosapentaenoic acid(1.12 ~ 2.25%). The eight adipose tissue depots were same in kinds of fatty acids in veal, and were rich in unsaturated fatty acids while the contents differed(P<0.05). The highest values for SFA, MUFA and PUFA were displayed in the ST, LL and PP, respectively, and the lowest for them were displayed in the PP, MG and ST, respectively. It will provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for veal healthy consumption, high-grade beef grading and further rational development and utilization of veal.The use of xenobiotic compounds in animal husbandry has given rise to consumer anxieties regarding residual risk and food safety. Thus, animal tissues have become main samples for residue analysis and food safety for sedatives. Xylazine hydrochloride, azaperone, zolpidem tartrate, carazolol, nitrazepam, acepromazine maleate, perphenazine, promethazine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, droperidol, chlordiazepoxide, haloperidol, propionylpromazine hydrochlorid, fluphenazine hydrochloride, clonazepam, nordiazepam, diazepam, midazolam, triazolam, alprazolam, oxazepam, methaqualone, temazepam and estazolam were the sedatives used generally. In this study, a rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(RRLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of 24 sedatives residues in veal. After enzymolysis, sedatives residues in veal were extracted by ammonium hydroxide-acetonitrile(10:90, v/v) and determined by RRLC-MS/MS with quantification by standard curve method. The calibration curves showed good linearity within the concentrations of spiked levels with the correlation coefficients(r2) ranged from 0.9639 to 0.9998. The limits of detection(LODs) and quantification(LOQs) were 0.2 ~ 2.5 and 0.5 ~ 5 μg kg-1, respectively. The average recoveries of spikes samples were in the ranges of 74.1 ~ 123.9% with relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day ranged from 2.6% to 9.9% and from 2.9% to 9.9%, respectively.This method is simple, sensitive and accurate in the determination of sedative residues.