| To meet the needs of the wine industry on corn feedstock in Yibin,17 inbred lines derived from maize landraces of Yibin and the surrounding area were selected as the tested material, following the characteristics of multiple grains Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize hybrids. The main traits of heterotic groups were analyzed, such as combining ability, genetic correlation analysis, genetic parameter analysis, genetic diversity analysis, as well as heterosis pattern, we aimed to select the potential varieties of maize landraces to select the special Luzhou-flavor liquor maize hybrids. After that,36 varieties were used as tested materials selected from 5 major maize producing areas of Yibin, comparative analysis of aroma components on varieties with higher yield and quality were used to verify the effects of the main nutritional quality of maize on the aroma of multiple grains Luzhou-flavor liquor. Interestingly, we found new maize hybrid Yi7008 could be the special Luzhou-flavor liquor maize hybrids, so the impact of measures of density and fertilizer on the yield and quality in different representative ecological regions of Yibin city were analyzed, thereby validating the constructive characteristics of the yield and quality of multiple grains Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize hybrids. The main results were summarized as follows:1. The results showed that there were large differences among these traits of 17 new inbred lines, based on analysis of the agronomic trait, economic trait, quality traits, as well as the combining ability. Of those, New inbred line P1-1 can be directly used in maize breeding program with the better comprehensive characters of the yield and content of starch, but SCA of yield and starch content with smaller values, so it might be better by combination of New inbred line P1-1 with the other varieties, such as new inbred lines P1-16 and P1-14 with high value of GCA and SCA. At last, P1-1, P1-14 and P1-16 were identified as the ideal material for parents. P1-17 could be modified to apply for maize breeding, with higher yield per plant, higher protein, but lower fat and lower starch; as for the other inbred lines, they should be selected purposively following the characteristics of their main traits in the actual inbreeding research, we found that can reduce plant height and ear height using P1-6 as parents, however, it can increase the content of starch and reduce the content of fat of hybrid combination using P1-2 as parents.2. The results showed plant height, ear height, rows per ear, kernels per rows starch, and protein were slightly affected by the different environments, following the genetic parameter and genetic correlation of main traits analysis, so we should select maize landrace as derive inbred lines at early generations. Moreover, we found the situation of ear length, sterile length,100 kernel weight, shelling percentage, yield per plant, and content of fat showed opposite correlation, these main traits could be selected at later generations. However, we found the variances of correlation coefficients between agronomic economic traits and quality traits were not significant at 0.05 level, we thought it could be difficult to select quality traits with selection of agronomic economic traits. Based on the results obtained form the analysis of path coefficients of agronomic and economic traits for yield per plant, increasing ear length and ear diameter should be considered to helpful for selecting the high yield characters of multiple grains Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize hybrids. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between the content of starch and the content of protein and the content of starch and the content of fat was-0.507 and-0.755 respectively with the highest significant level, which showed that increasing the content of starch could decrease the content of the protein and fat.3. The genetic similarity of 17 newly selected inbred lines ranged from 0.438 to 0.782, with an average of 0.596. It indicated that abundant genetic variations existed in 11 maize landraces, thereby expanding the basis of breeding multiple grains Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize hybrids by using maize landraces in South Sichuan area. The heterotic group analysis of inbred lines showed that these 17 inbred lines were classified to 4 groups, including Sipingtou group, PB group, Reid group and Luda Red Cob group, which contained 3,4,3,7 newly inbred lines respectively. Among these various populations, we selected PB(P1-1, P1-8, and P1-10)× Reid and PB(P1-1, P1-6, and P1-14)× Luda Red Cob and Reid(P1-15, P1-16, and P1-17)× Sipingtou as the superior combinations, especially newly inbred line P1-1 × Reid with highest heterotic pattern, this analysis would provide the basis for application of 17 newly inbred lines and improvement of maize landraces.4. The results showed that Yi7008 and Zhongwangyu88 were selected as the multiple grains Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize hybrids with high yield, good quality, and shorter gelatinization rate, following the complex aroma components experiment that comprised of 12 alcohol compounds,13 aldehyde compounds,15ketone compounds,3 phenolic compounds,13 aromatic compounds, as well as 9 heterocyclic compounds. The results indicated that the maize was the raw material source of Luzhou-flavor liquor alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, heterocyclic and aromatic aroma substances. Through comparative analysis of four maize aroma components, we found the contribution amount and variety of Yi7008 and Zhongwangyu88 to Luzhou-flavor liquor in the Northeast showed the same affection, It is demonstrated that inbred lines can be used for multiple grains Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize hybrids.5. We found that yield and quality of multiple grains Luzhou-flavor liquor special maize hybrids were affected by measuring of density and fertilizer of different ecological zones, it is showed that some of interactions among these experimental factors were observed in Yibin and Junlian. In Yibin, nitrogenous fertilizer largest effected on the content of starch, protein and fat; followed by the density, phosphate fertilizer and density respectively. In Junlian, nitrogenous fertilizer also largest effected on the content of starch, but phosphate fertilizer largest effected on content of protein and fat, followed by the density and phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogenous and potassium fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer and density respectively. It is indicated that lower planting density could improve the quality of wine corn. Although increasing nitrogenous fertilizer could raise grain starch content, it easily caused grain higher protein content. Moreover, the grain fat content can be reduced using less potassium fertilizer, and the protein and fat content can be reduced through less phosphate and potassium fertilizer.6. Different ecological zones have effect on yield and quality of wine corn, the results showed that the content of starch in Yibin was higher than that in Junlian, the content of protein and fat in Yibin was lower than those in Junlian, but the coefficient of variation of protein content was higher in Yibin, thereby controlling the protein content in the appropriate range through adopting formula fertilization in Yibin. The coefficient of variation of the fat content was smaller in Yibin, indicated that Yibin had superiority in producing lower fat content of corn. The conditions for optimum cultivation were as follows in Yibin:yield,11,904 kg/hm2; starch,75.78%; protein,9.81%; and fatty,4.98%. Under these conditions, the net income was 13,534 Yuan/hm2, which was calculated by the distributing frequency statistical method and simulation optimization. The optimum cultivation parameters for high grain yield, quality, and high net income were as follows: planting density,5200/hm2; nitrogen rate,360 kg/hm2; phosphorus rate,720 kg/hm2; and potassium rate,360 kg/hm2. The analysis of relationships among grain yield, quality, net income can provide the basis for Yi7008 industrialization in the Southern part of Sichuan province. |
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