| Time series and geostatistics methods were utilized to analyze climate resources, soil nutrients, spatial and temporal variation characteristics of tobacco quality, and this paper analyzes the development potential of Wenshan tobacco from the potential of climate resources, soil resources, quality of tobacco and planting scale etc. The main results are as follows:1.The characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of climate resources in wenshan tobacco growing areas.The average CFI of Wenshan tobacco area was 0.801±0.018, which had no obvious differences in county and district, all these tobacco growing counties were the most suitable or appropriate tobacco climate zone.The rangeability of CFI value was 0.744-0.930, which showed the upward trend generally, though the increase was not significant, the climate doesn’t change in 20 years.2.The characteristics of Spatial and temporal variation of soil nutrient in Wenshan tobacco growing areas.There were five high value area of organic matter content in the northwest, northeast and southwest of wenshan, and three low value area of organic matter content in the northeast of wenshan. There were one high value of total nitrogen content in the southeast of wenshan, and four low value area of total nitrogen content in the northeast and west of wenshan. There was a high value area of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the southwest of wenshan.The exchangeable magnesium content showed an increase from southeast to northwest, and there was a high value area of exchangeable magnesium content in the northwest of wenshan. There was a low area of available zinc content in the west of wenshan. There were four high value of available copper in the east, weste and south of wenshan. There were two high value area of available manganese in the north of wenshan.The content of available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, available boron presented very significant increase trend from 2005 to 2013. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, available iron showed an Significant or very significant increasing trend. Annual differences of other soil nutrients content was not significant.3.The characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of tobacco quality in Wenshan tobacco growing areas.The soluble total sugar content of B2F showed an increasing trend from north to south. The reducing sugars content of B2F showed an increasing trend from north to south, the reducing sugar content of X2F in the west and northeast was higher than that of southeast. The nicotine content of X2F showed an overall increase from north and south to the central part. The total nitrogen content of B2F and C3F showed an overall increasing trend from the south to the north, the total nitrogen content of X2F showed an overall increase from northwest to southeast part. The potassium content of B2F and X2F showed an increasing trend from northwest to southeast, the potassium content of C3F presented an increasing trend from the middle part to the north and southeast. The two sugar difference of C3F exhibited a trend of increase from north to south and from west to east. The proportion of sugar to nicotine of C3F showed a trend of increase from north to south. The proportion of nitrogen to alkali of X2F presented a trend of increase from the central part to north and south.The proportion of potassium to chloride of C3F showed an overall increasing trend from south to north part.The differences of the content of carotenoid degradation compounds between guangnan and yanshan was obvious. The otherness of Maillard content between guangnan and qiubei was significantly, so do wenshan and yanshan. The differences of the content of degradation products of phenylalanine in guangnan, wenshan and maguan was distinctthe differences of the content of degradation products of cembratriendiol was not significant among counties.There was a decreasing trend about some targets in different parts of tobacco leaf, such as tobacco water soluble total sugar, reducing sugar and total nitrogen content, nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of upper leaves from 2010 to 2013, and the decreasing trend was extremely significant. The potassium content and sugar nicotine ratio overall also showed a decreasing trend, but the decreasing trend was not significant. Chlorine content showed a declining trend, decreasing trend of chlorine content showed significant or extremely significant respectively in B2F and X2F. The two sugar in tobacco leaves increased, but the increasing trend was not significant. Potassium chloride showed an overall increasing trend, and the increasing trend of various parts of the ratio of potassium to chlorine all reached significant or extremely significant level.4.The relation between tobacco leaf quality and ecological condition in Wenshan tobacco-growing areas.In the meteorological factors that affected sugar nicotine ratio and nicotine well was the rainfall in the root extending stage and mature stage, sugar-nicotine ratio showed a decreasing trend with the increasing of rainfall, the nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco leaf increased with the improvement of soil organic matter.In the soil nutrient index of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen had great influence on the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine, reducing sugar and the soil organic matter, with the improvement of soil organic matter, the content of reducing sugar in cured leaves increased.In the mineral elements of soil and other indicators, available Zn and Cu had great compact on water soluble total sugar and total nitrogen, flue-cured tobacco soluble sugar content showed a decrease trend with the increase of soil available zinc, along with the increase of soil available copper and total nitrogen content in flue-cured tobacco showed a decreasing trend.5.Comparative advantages and spatial variation characteristic of tobacco production in Wenshan tobacco-growing areas.In according to the SAI value is in the following order of yanshan, qiubei, wenshan, xichou, guangnan, malipo, maguan, the EAI value is in the following order of qiubei, xichou, malipo, guangnan, wenshan,yanshan and maguan, IAI value according to the size of order of qiubei, yanshan, xichou, wenshan, malipo, guangnan and maguan.The value of SAI increased significantly over the past 15 years, a total increase of 70.85% from 1998 to 2012. The value of EAI showed an increasing trend as a whole, but the trend was not significant. The value of IAI increased significantly during the past 15 years, a total increase of 22.94%.6. The comprehensive analysis of potential about flue-cured tobacco production in Wenshan tobacco-growing areas.Wenshan tobacco area with mild climate, abundant rainfall, sufficient sunlight, land resource is rich, the value of soil pH was appropriate, the main nutrient contents are rich, which has provided the safeguard for the growth of high quality tobacco leaf.Wenshan tobacco leaf is high quality, and its flavor is unique, which is close to the partial or intermediate type style, and the unique local characteristics have great potential in the supply of tobacco with characteristics. Tobacco leaf appearance quality is good, the tobacco leaf with sweet, elegant aroma, Fen-flavor prominent, comfortable aftertaste, flue gas coordination. Its inherent chemical composition as a whole is harmonious, the indicators are basically suitable.Wenshan tobacco region ranked among the top the tobacco area in yunnan flue-cured tobacco planting scale, but annual average planting area accounts for only 5% of total arable land area, the ratio of annual average planting tobacco area to suitable planting area is 6%, and the growing scale has a larger space for development.Wenshan tobacco leaf with unique style, attracting more and more favored by cigarette industrial enterprise, has become indispensable raw material for many high-end brand of cigarette formula, such as shanghai tobacco group,hunan tobacco industry, hongta group,guangdong tobacco industry, British-American tobacco group. It is also the main tobacco leaf raw material base for " chungwhua", "furongwang", "yuxi", "shuangxi" cigarette brands. |
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