| Jilin province as one of the major maize producing areas in our country, JiDan series maize have made great contribution to grain production for jilin province In the past few decades. It was important for us to further system research the genetic basis of JiDan series maize varieties and evolution for further developing new genetic yield potential. This study analysed JiDan series maize hereditary basis in various years by molecular marker technology. Base on NCII Design analysed the main traits of genetic improvement of huang zaosi and its derivative lines. This study evaluated the evolvement rule of yield and correlation character of JiDan series maize under the different density level to provide theoretical basis for further improvement and utilization of inbred lines and the establishment for breeding. The main results were as follows.49 Fluorescent SSR Markers were adopted in heterotic grouping of parent inbred lines from JiDan Maize Varieties between 2000 and 2010. 65 inbred lines were divided 7 clusters: Reid, Lancaster, Sipingtou(SPT), PB, Volga, Lüda red cob(LRC) and other. The first 5 clusters were widely used in JiDan Maize Varieties. The main heterosis pattern included Reid × SPT, Lancaster × SPT, Reid × Volga, Lancaster ×PB, Reid ×Lancaster and Reid × PB. The large proportion of heterosis pattern was Reid ×SPT, Lancaster × SPT and Reid × Volga. The Volag cluster was first identified and independent from Reid, Lancaster and SPT. A series of maize varieties were widely used by establishment of two new heterotic patterns(Reid × Volga and SPT × Volga).A Panel of 129 maize inbred lines from JiDan Maize Varieties between 1978 and 2012.was genotyped using the Maize SNP3 k Chip, which contains 3072 SNP markers. According to genetic distance,129 inbred lines were divided5clusters: Lancaster(25.58%), Reid(27.91%),landrace population(29.46),Sipingtou(10.08%) and PB(6.98%).Model-based population structure analysis and principalcomponent analysis revealed the presence of 3 majorgroups,including A(Reid,16.28%),B(Lancaster(11.63%)and D(Sipingtou,lv red cob and landrace population,38.76%).The rest of lines was mix group.Combining ability of 5 Huangzaosi and its derivative lines used different eras in Jilin province were analyzed based on the data of NCII. 30 combinations was produced with 5×6 incomplete diallel cross. The results indicated that the effect of genetic improvement for Huangzaosi varied with different traits. There were no significant difference of general combining ability for yield per plant, number of kernels per row, grain moisture content and kernel ratio except the day to anther emergence, the day to silk emergence, ear weight, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear and 100-seed weigh. Some trend including delaying flowering and silk, shorten ear diameter and increasing or reducing ear weight, ear length, number of rows per ear and 100-seed weigh were showed from improvement traits. The inbred line Ji853 had high general combing ability and was implied high frequency of producing elite hybrid.The experiment was carried out in Gongzhuling in 2014. Two maturation periodfifty-threeJidan Maize cultivars were grown at three densities of 45000 plants hectare-1,60000 plants hectare-1and 75000 plants hectare-1.Mean grain yield of medium maturing and medium-late maturing Jidan maize hybridshowed a significant linear increase overseveral decades from the 1970 s to the 2010 s, an average of 110.55 kg hectare-1year-1 and 127.25 kg hectare-1year-1, respectively.Yield of medium maturing hybrid improved significantly and stable from 1970-2010. Yield of medium-late maturing hybrid improved significantly, stable and improved from 1970-2010. Yield per plant contributed most to grain yield gain.But hybrids improved slightly in tolerance to the high density. The trends of ear length, row number per ear and ear diameter was same for medium maturing and medium-late maturing hybrid. But there were differences for yield per plant, kernel number per row, 100-kernel weigh, barren tip and shelling percentage. Genetic improvement varied with different traits and different eras.Ear length, ear girth, kernel rows per ear, 100-kernel weight trats of JiDan series maize improved on the variety of medium maturing hybrid in the 1980 s, but kernel rows per ear was significantly improved on the variety of medium-late maturing hybrid. 100-kernel weight, ear girth trats of JiDan series maize significantly improved on the variety of medium and medium-late maturing hybrid in the 1990 s, but kernel rows per ear was significantly reduced on the variety of medium maturing hybrid. Ear girth and kernel rows per ear improved on the variety of medium hybrid in the 2000 s, meanwhile 100-kernel weight was significantly improved on the variety of medium-late maturing hybrid. Ear girth and kernel rows per ear were improved on the variety of medium and medium-late maturing hybrid in the 2010 s,but ear length, but kernel rows per ear were reduced. |
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