| In this experiment, the author searched and analyzed the rule of inheritance about quality characters of11waxy maize inbred lines and30hybridized combination,which came from the11inbred lines by incomplete diallel cross(NC II).The results are as follows:1.The pericarp and dregs content shows negative heterosis and superiority over both mid-parent and high parent. Fat, rude protein and amylose content are found with higher heterosis. Fat and amylase content also show superiority over mid-parent and high parent. The heterosis and superiority change in a small range in starch, and amylopectin content has a lower heterosis. So the quality traits heterosis indexes from high to low are amylase, rude protein, fat, pericarp and dregs content, starch and amylopedtin.2. The GCA (general combining ability)of different waxy maize inbred lines are obviously different in the same trait. The highest GCA of pericarp and dregs content, fat, rude protein, starch, amylase and amylopectin are G20, G11,G18, G23, G23, G29. And G18which has the highest GCA can be used as the parent in high protein breeding in waxy maize. GCA of amylopectin decides the waxy flavor. The waxy flavor will become stronger with the GCA going higher.3. The highest negative effect indexes of special combining ability (SCA) of pericarp and dregs content, fat and rude protein are G13×G29, G18×G34, G19×G20. The highest positive effect indexes of SCA of starch, amylase and amylopectin are G11×G29, G14×G23, G14×G31.4.In30cross combinations, the highest total combining abilities of pericarp and dregs content, fat, rude protein and amylopectin are G13×G29, G19×G20, G11×G29, G19xG29. So the combination G13xG29has the lowest pericarp and dregs content. And the combination with high fat, protein and amylopectin is G19xG20. G13is the best material for low pericarp and dregs breeding, and G18, G19are the best choices for high protein, fat and amylopectin breeding in this experiment.5. The heritability estimate of quality traits of waxy maize shows that the broadsenseheritabilities from high to low are rude protein> fat> amylase> amylopectin> starch> pericarp and dregs. The narrowsenseheritabilities from high to low are amylase> amylopectin> pericarp> dregs> rude protein> fat> starch. The phenotype of rude protein and fat are affected by genetic factors. The environment has a bigger effect than genetic factors on the phenotype of amylopectin.6. Positive correlation is found between pericarp and dregs and starch, amylopectin, yield, fat. It also occurs between fat and pericarp and dregs,amylopectin, yield, between starch and pericard and dregs, amylase, amylopectin, between yield and pericarp and dregs, fat, amylopectin. There is negative correlation between rude protein and pericarp and dregs, fat, starch, amylopectin, yield. It indicates that the pericarp and dregs content, fat content and the waxy flavor will go up with the yield going up. Cross combinations can be chosen according to different requirements.7.11waxy maize inbred lines were detected by20pairs Core Primer distributed in10pairs Chromosome and70allelic variations were found. Every pair of Primer found3-4allele gene, the average is3.5. The genetic distance range is0.17-0.7675. The11inbred lines can be clustered into2groups. The first group includes G11, G18, G19, G29, G31and G34. G13, G14, G20, G21, G23belong to the other group. It shows positive correlation between the genetic distance and superiorities over mid-parent of pericarp and dregs content, fat, amylase, amylopectin in F1.The negative correlation is found between the genetic distance and superiorities over high parent of pericarp and dregs, fat, rude protein, starch, amylase. The yield is higher in the cross combination which derived from the parents with a bigger genetic distance. |
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