| Abstract:Thirty plants in the Composite family were mainly collected from Fujian Province for screening the biological activities to the most important vegetable pests- diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella). Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry was use to identify the components.1 The orientation of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) to plants volatiles and the SPME/GC-MS analysis of plants volatiles.The orientation of diamondback moth to plants volatiles was investigated using Y-tube olfactory in the lab. The results demonstrated that Ambrosia artemisiifolia L, Wedelia chinensis Merr, Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp, Tagetes erecta L. Ageratum conyzoides, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, Effect the orientation of diamondback moth markedly.The volatile components of Ambrosia artemisiifolia were analyzed by SPME/GC-MS. Fifty-one compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were GERMACRENE-D,with relative amount of 19.169% ;z-Muurolene(14.534%);.gamma.-Cadinene(11.566%);.delta.-Cadinene(8.206%) et.al. There are thirty-six types of Alkene in the Volatile, with relative amount of 82.158%.2 The biological activities of thirty plants in the Composite family To investigate the suppressive effects of these plant alcohol extracts on diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella). Oviposition repellency rate, antifeedants,toxicity,pupation rate and pupal weight were used to evaluate the effect. According to the biological activities, the extracts of the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)showed the best effect to diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella), was selected to do further investigation.The results shows that the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)could significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) reduce pupation rate of DIAMONDBACK MOTH(PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA), which were responsible for the lower pupation rates to 26.29% .The pupal weight of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) was significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) inhibited by the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) which resulted in ten pupal weight of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) was 0.0211g. When the alcohol extracts of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)was applied, the oviposition rate was about 85.32%(24h)、82.62%(48h),the antifeedant rate of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) larvae was 84.44%(24h)、82.67%(48h) and the stomach toxic effects of the larvae was 55.55%(48h)、64.64%(72h).3 The biological activities of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) whole plant alcohol extracts(PWE) , stems and leaves alcohol extracts(PSLE) , and flowers alcohol extracts(PFE) against DIAMONDBACK MOTH(PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA).The results of bioassay indicated that :(1) oviposition repellency rateThe 24 hours oviposition repellency rate of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 85.85%,88.98%,79.29%,respectively, and reduced to 82.51%,86.32%,77.95%, respectively, after 48h. The activity of oviposition detterent reduced after 48 hours of spray. The oviposition repellency rate of three extracts was PSLE > EH > PFE(from high to low).(2) the non-selective antifeedant effectThe non-selective antifeedant effect of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 82.54%、81.92%、83.13%, respectively, after 24h, and was 82.68%、82.27%、83.38%, respectively, after 48h. The leaf consumed of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 4.74、4.91、4.58 mm2/individual, respectively, after 24h, and was 6.40、6.55、6.14 mm2/ individual, respectively, after 48h. The non-selective antifeedant effect of three extracts was PFE > PWE > PSLE(from high to low). The leaf consumed of PWE, PSLE, PFE was PSLE > PWE > PFE (from high to low).(3) the stomach toxic effectThe stomach toxic effect of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 56.04%、57.89%、51.97% respectively, after 48h, and was 65.08%、68.04%、63.97% respectively, after 72h. The stomach toxic Effect of three extracts were PSLE > PWE > PFE(from high to low).(4) the Effect of inhibit pupal weigh and pupation rateThe pupation rates of PWE, PSLE, PFE was to 26.32%、25.97%、24.97%, respectively. The pupal weight of diamondback moth was significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) inhibited by these extract which resulted in ten pupal weight of diamondback moth was 0.0211、0.0191、0.0241g, respectively. The pupation of these three extract was PFE > PWE > PSLE(from high to low) . The pupal weight of diamondback moth was PSLE > PWE > PFE(from high to low).The result of the bioassay shows that, the oviposition repellency rate , stomach toxic Effect, the Effect of inhibit pupal weight of PSLE is higher(better) than PWE and PFE. And the non-selective antifeedant Effect, reduce pupation rate of PFE is higher than PWE and PSLE.4 The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of PWE, PSLE and PFE The chemical components of PWE, PSLE and PFE were analyzed by GC/MS. 40、44、53 compounds were identified from PWE, PSLE and PFE, respectively. Sesquiterpenes were major components, with relative amount of 34.373%(10 types) in PWE,34.397%(17 types)in PSLE、53.520%(22 types)in PFE;alcohol relative amount of 24.913%(14 types)in PWE, 21.467%(5 types)in PSLE、12.539%(7 types)in PFE;ketone relative amount of 26.249%(3 types)in PWE、5.227%(3 types)in PSLE,1.288%(4 types)in PFE et. al.21 common components were found by compare PSLE with PFE. The common components Were 1,1-Diethoxy-2-butene;Propane, 1,1-diethoxy-2-methyl-;1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate;1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-,; Butane, 1-diethoxy-3-methyl-;2-.BETA.-PINENE;dl-Limonene;Z-.beta.-ocimene; .gamma.-Terpinene;.beta.-Cubebene;trans-Caryophyllene; .alpha.-Amorphene;.alpha.-Humulene ;Valencene;.alpha.-Cubebene ; GERMACRENE-D;.beta.-elemene;t-Cadinol;aromadendrene;Ethyl linoleate;ETHYL LINOLEOLATE;5 Bioactivity of the essential oil from the Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) and Bitterweed(Ambrosia artemissifolia) against diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella).(1) oviposition repellency rate When the concentration of the Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)(PCE) essential oil was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the oviposition repellency rate of PCE against diamondback moth was 84.00%、72.70%、58.09%、36.77%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 75.20%、61.62%、53.01%、32.17% respectively, after 48 hours.When the concentration of the Bitterweed(Ambrosia artemissifolia)(BE) essential oil was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the oviposition repellency rate of BE against diamondback moth was 92.23%、75.67%、67.15%、53.74%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 81.39%、66.41%、51.69%、37.35% respectively, after 48 hours.(2) The non-selective antifeedant effectWhen the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the non-selective antifeedant rate of PCE against diamondback moth was 87.45%、75.57%、71.29%、56.24%,respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 80.20%、63.36%、51.96%、34.97% respectively, after 48 hours. When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the non-selective antifeedant rate of BE against diamondback moth was 83.89%、73.75%、65.53%、51.14%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 7.19%、62.69%、45.74%、30.80%, respectively, after 48 hours.(3) fumigating toxicityThe essential oil show strong fumigating toxicity.When the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of PCE against diamondback moth was 100.00%、85.60%、74.22%、62.99%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 100.00%、92.90%、80.21%、74.21% respectively, after 48 hours.When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of BE against diamondback moth was 100.00%、81.34%、73.91%、58.85%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 100.00%、91.13%、79.27%、69.55%, respectively, after 48 hours.(4)the contact toxicity When the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of PCE against diamondback moth was71.89%、55.33%、22.65%、8.81%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 77.86%、68.06%、31.70%、13.55% respectively, after 48 hours.When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of BE against diamondback moth was 60.36%、34.20%、15.05%、7.15%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 73.17%、54.09%、30.95%、24.55%, respectively, after 48 hours.6 The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of PCE and BE. The chemical components of PCE were analyzed by GC/MS. 42 compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were 3-Pentanol, 3-methyl-,with relative amount of 15.454% , alcohol relative amount of 39.852% (11 types)in PWE. Sesquiterpenes with relative amount of 17.644%(8 types) in PWE, including .alpha.-Copaene(0.23%);.beta.-elemene(1.865%);.delta.-Cadinene2.667%;valencene0.314%;.beta.-Selinene0.560%;.beta.-elemene(7.967%);.alpha.-Guaiene(3.483%);(+)-Vitrene(0.558%).The chemical components of BE were analyzed by GC/MS. 41 compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropane,with relative amount of 18.923% , alcohol relative amount of 17.342% (8 types)in BE. Sesquiterpenes with relative amount of 9.638%(6 types) in BE,including .alpha.-Copaene(0.23%);.beta.-elemene(1.865%);.delta.-Cadinene2.667%;valencene0.314%;.beta.-Selinene0.560%;.beta.-elemene(7.967%);.alpha.-Guaiene(3.483%);(+)-Vitrene(0.558%)。(-)-CARYOPHYLLEN- (minim);valencene(0.322%);Aromadendrene(minim);.beta.-elemene(8.259%);Junipene(1.047%);(+) longicyclene(minim)。... |
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