| Professor ZHAO Shao-qin is a famous contemporary physician in traditional Chinese medicine. He was born in an imperial physician family, and his father, grandfather and great-grandfather were all physicians work in the Forbidden City. He learned from Q.U Wen-lou, HAN Yi-zhai and WANG Feng-chun who were all outstanding physicians. QU and HAN were also imperial physician, and WANG is one of the most famous doctors in Beijing at that time. He was adept at drawing on others successful experience. His prescriptions are characterized by few ingredients and significant effect.Prof. ZHAO attached great importance to clinical practice. He kept researching all his life, and combined the medical theory and clinical practice closely together, made great progress in many fields of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Science of Epidemic Febrile Diseases, Chinese Internal Medicine and Pulse Making.One of his most important contributions to traditional Chinese medicine is that he used the theory and method of the warm disease to treat some internal disease, and the effect is significant. It is well-known that the warm disease belongs to exogenous disease, and it is treated by the syndrome differentiation of weifen, qifen, yingfen, xuefen or by the syndrome differentiation of sanjiao theory. And the internal disease usually treated by the syndrome differentiation of zang-fu viscera. How could these two kinds of diseases from different systems be used the same methods of syndrome differentiation, the same therapies, prescriptions and medicines? It is just what we should find out. This paper presents Prof. ZHAO’s work, which is to use the theory and method of the warm disease to treat some internal disease, from the following aspects.Part One:This part is about the brief account of Prof. ZHAO’s life and the main academic achievements. The brief account of Prof. ZHAO’s life is introduced from his family, his learning career, physician career, teaching career, and his scientific work. The academic achievements mainly includes three parts, the first part is about the experience of Chinese medicine pulse making from his family, the second part is about his major points of the warm disease, the third part is his main contributions in the internal medicine. Prof. ZHAO’s medical works are introduced in this part, too.Part Two:Prof. ZHAO’s major points of the warm disease. This paper is going to study the situation that Prof. ZHAO used the theory and method of the warm disease to treat some internal disease, so what are Prof. ZHAO’s major points of the warm disease and which theory and method of the warm disease were he got used to should be known firstly. This section was discussed in four aspects.Firstly, the warm disease is totally different from the cold pathogenic disease. The patients of warm disease and cold pathogenic disease suffer from different pathogenic qi. The former is wind-heat, and the latter is wind-cold. Their qualities are just the opposite. The causes of these two diseases are different, so they must be treated by different methods of syndrome differentiations. And the therapies, the prescriptions and the medicines for these two diseases of course won’t be the same. To be doctor people can’t mix them together.Secondly, when treating the warm disease, people should make a distinction between warm-heat disease and damp-heat disease. Although they are both warm diseases, they are totally different, either. The difference between these two warm diseases is that the cause of warm-heat disease is just heat pathogen, but the cause of damp-heat disease is not only heat but also dampness pathogen. Dampness is a heavy and turbid evil; it is sticky and stagnated which is hard to be converted. It is classified as yin pathogen. So we can not treat them in the same way. General speaking, people mix the syndrome differentiation of weifen, qifen, yingfen, xuefen and the syndrome differentiation of sanjiao theory to treat all kinds of warm diseases in clinical. But Prof. ZHAO found in the practice that the syndrome differentiation of weifen, qifen, yingfen, xuefen is suit for the warm-heat disease better, at the same time, the syndrome differentiation of sanjiao theory is suit for the damp-heat disease better. So he presented those points, used them to explain the warm disease theory and put them into clinical practice.Thirdly, Prof. ZHAO explained YE Tian-shi’s warm disease theory, who was the most famous physician in Qing dynasty, using his own point mentioned above. He said that the therapy of Weifen syndrome is not relieving exterior syndrome by diaphoresis, but dispersing the heat from the skin and hair, so sweating is the purpose but not the method here. The warm disease is yang and heat syndrome actually, so it should be treated by cold and cool medicines. Prof. ZHAO reminded that the cold will coagulate qi movement, and block the way of the pathogen. So the dose of the cold and cool medicines should not be too high, and the cleaning heat method should not be used if it is not really qifen syndrome. The therapy named "clearing heat of yingfen to qifen" is the most important rule of treatment in the whole course of warm disease. Its main idea is that be sure to ensure the circulation of qi and make the pathogen out of body when treating the patient, so that the disease can be cured. Xuefen syndrome is the last stage of warm disease. It includes blood stirring and blood loss. The therapy of cooling blood and removing blood stasis is used for blood stirring with blood heat.Fourthly, Prof. ZHAO’s main point of the treatment of damp-heat disease is as below. Prof. ZHAO summarized WANG Feng-chun’s treatment experience of damp-heat disease and extracted his own three points of view. Firstly, damp pathogen should be cured first when treating damp-heat disease. Secondly, the circulation of qi should be ensured fluently when treating damp pathogen. Thirdly, ventilating lung qi is one of the most important ways to make the circulation of qi fluently. He also made a summing up of the common situations to damp obstruction, cool repression, cold coagulation and freezing, and provided the cure for each one.Part Three:This part makes a summary of the situation that Prof. ZHAO used the theory and method of the warm disease to treat some internal disease.Firstly, the syndrome differentiation of weifen, qifen, yingfen, xuefen and the syndrome differentiation of sanjiao theory are used for some internal disease. There are two kinds of condition. One is that the certain internal disease can be regarded as warm disease, which is fit very well with the warm disease in everywhere, such as the cause, the pathogenesis and the clinical presentation. The other is that the certain internal disease have the same features in some certain condition or its certain subtype have the warm disease’s feature, so that the syndrome differentiation of weifen, qifen, yingfen, xuefen and sanjiao theory can be used in the condition or the subtype of the certain internal disease. The example of the first condition is abscess of lung and dysentery. The disease of the second condition likes stranguria due to hematuria and consumptive thirst.Secondly, to introduce the condition of the warm disease’s representative methods of treatments those are used in the internal disease. Prof. ZHAO attached great importance to the method of treatment in the clinical practice. He considered the method of treatment as the core of the treatment. Its one side is the pathogenesis, the other side is prescription and the third side is the syndrome differentiation. All the elements of a disease are linked by the method of treatment. So many method of treatment of warm disease are used to treat internal diseases.The method of Ku Xuan Zhe Re is such a kind of warm disease’s methods of treatment. It used the Chinese medicines, which have the pungent or bitter flavor, cool or cold nature and light feature, to make the circulation of qi fluently and expel the heat pathogen out of body. The typical prescription of this method is zhizichi decoction. It has the function of Huo Yu Fa Zhi. It is usually used to treat the symptom of fever or dysphoria which is caused by the heat stagnation.The method of Shu Tiao Sheng Jiang is a warm disease’s method of treatments which is used for the syndrome of seriously heat stagnation or the syndrome of intermingled phlegm and heat. It also can be used for the internal diseases that caused by the similar pathogenesis. In the internal medicine the pathogenesis is called disorder of qi movement. The typical prescription of this method is shengjiang powder. Shengjiang powder is Prof. ZHAO’s most frequently used prescription, and also is the most significant feature of Prof. ZHAO’s prescription of internal diseases. He used shengjiang powder to cure many kinds of disease, which involved all systems of zang-fu viscera. The disorder can be taken place in qi or blood. And there can be the disorder of function or the essence pathological change. The syndrome of heat stagnation of liver and gallbladder, stagnant and jamming dampness-heat and heat stagnation of xuefen are the most frequently conditions that to be treated by shengjiang powder. In all, the key point of the adaptation disease is the pathogenesis that the disorder of qi movement occurred.The method of Xuan Chang Sanjiao is a compound damp-warm disease’s method of treatments. It has the functions including promoting flow of Sanjiao, ensuring the circulation of qi fluently, promoting digestive function, dredging the passage of water-fluid and so on. Prof. ZHAO came up with ideas that to cure damp pathogen, to ensure the circulation of qi fluently, and ventilating lung qi are the key points of the treatment of the damp-heat disease. To use the method of resolving dampness with dispelling wind is Prof. ZHAO’s characteristic treatment in the clinical practice. And the medicines of this method are called Feng Yao, which usually belong to the superficies-relieving medicine in general. Prof. ZHAO studied the medicine’s nature and flavor deeply, and found out up to20new functions of Feng Yao. The method called dredging and regulating Sanjiao is using the medicine which can promote digestive function of the body, and some of the medicines have the function of diuresis. It is almost the necessary part of Prof. ZHAO’s prescription, especially at this stage of recovery. It reflects that Prof. ZHAO attaches great importance to the role of spleen and stomach in middle jiao. Rhubarb is the member in the group of the dredging and regulating Sanjiao medicine. Prof. ZHAO’s experience of application of Rhubarb is being introduced here. Using ventilating lung qi medicine to treat the diseases which are cause by damp pathogen is also Prof. ZHAO’s very important experience in practice. The typical medicine is bitter apricot seed. He used it for several diseases. The main principle is to regulate qi, and utilizing the promoting qi method to help water circulation.Thirdly, there are some other warm disease’s theories or methods to be used for internal disease.Internal disease can also be cause by exogenous pathogen. When we encountered this kind of internal disease, we should analyze the cause and pathogenesis like treating exogenous disease. Is the cause of disease is heat pathogen or cold pathogen? Whether the damp pathogen hit the patient or not? Prescribe work should be done after the series of thinking and make an accurate judgment.Prof. ZHAO emphasized time and again that the dose of the cold and cool medicines should not be too high, or the cold pathogen will coagulate qi movement, and block the way of the pathogen. This rule is also suitable for the internal disease. And the so-called cold and cool medicines do not only refer to Chinese medicine, but also the Western medicine such as antibiotics and hormone.The therapy named "clearing heat of yingfen to qifen" reflects a therapeutic principle that is to ensure the circulation of qi and make the pathogen out of body. This principle is suitable for all the treatment of all the disease, no matter internal or exogenous disease, and no matter how old the patient is and what his/her situation is now. It is noteworthy that if excessive pathogen existed, the pathogen should be eliminated by corresponding method as soon as possible, even though the patient was very old, or was very weak.Fourthly, Prof. ZHAO even extended the therapy of warm disease to the Western medicine, and cured many difficult and complicated cases, such as chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, uremia, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, Leukemia, viral myocarditis, liver cirrhosis. It was the most outstanding achievement in his later years. Prof. ZHAO concludes the cases, and showed that there are certain rules between the Chinese medicine’s therapy and the Western medicine’s diseases, and using Chinese medicine’s way to treat the difficult and complicated of Western medicine is entirely feasible. And these important experiences can help the doctors of Chinese medicine have wider and more flexible ideas. This paper chooses three typical diseases, and presents Prof. ZHAO’s treatment experience.Curing chronic kidney diseases (CKD) using Chinese medicine is Prof. ZHAO’s most significant achievement in his medical career. He had been studying the treatment of CKD for almost sixty years, and had experienced repeated failures, and found the solution in the seventies of last century finally. His therapy was clinically proved to cure CKD, including chronic renal failure and uremia, effectively. His showed that CKD’s pathogenesis is heat stagnation in xuefen, but not kidney deficiency as common opinion. So people should treat it according the idea of cooling blood and removing blood stasis. The usual treatment of CKD is to tonify kidney. Whatever tonifying kidney-qi, kidney-yin, kidney-yang, or kidney essence, were not correct at all. Prof. ZHAO raised five new theses of CKD. First, CKD isn’t deficient syndrome in the view of Chinese medicine. Second, the CKD patient should control the quantity of protein of his/her diet strictly, especially the high protein diet. And the vegetable protein from the bean and its products should not been taken at all. Third, the CKD patient should keep exercising instead of staying in bed or resting too much. Forth, the renal dysfunction can be recovered if the patient was taken the right treatment like cooling blood and removing blood stasis. Fifth, CKD is heritable, many CKD patient’family members suffer from this disease. Prof. ZHAO’s new views were quite a challenge to both the Chinese medicine and Western medicine when they were raised. As time goes on, his views are all proved to be correct.Liver cirrhosis is a common disease in human. Prof. ZHAO regarded it as warm disease of Chinese medicine, too. He considered that stagnation, static blood and deficiency are the three main pathogenesis of Liver cirrhosis in Chinese medicine way. And the stagnation is the most important one. It is not only the pathogenesis but also the cause of the disease. To make the circulation of qi fluently is the essential treatment of Liver cirrhosis. Should make sure that the stagnation problem has been solved, and the qi movement recovers, before other treatment. The second step is removing blood stasis. Then the third step is tonifying deficiency, which should be used after the excessive pathogens have been cleared. The therapeutic process fully enshrines the principle of "clearing heat of yingfen to qifen".Leukemia is a serious disease of Hematological Disease. He considered that leukemia causes by the fetal toxicity coming from parents in the theory of Chinese medicine, and the fetal toxicity’s feature is heat which stay in the marrow after birth. The disease breaks out in some certain condition, and its clinical manifestation shows that there is serious heat in the xuefen, and spreads from xuefen inside to yingfen and qifen outside. So leukemia can also be treated as warm disease. The pathogeneses of leukemia are heat stagnation, blood stirring, blood loss, and blood stasis. So leukemia should be treated from those aspects. Ensuring the circulation of qi and making the heat pathogen out of body are the initial treatments.Part Four:To analyze and discuss Prof. ZHAO’s new academic points. Author thinks heat stagnation is the key point of all the multitudinous pathogenesis factors. Prof. ZHAO regarded the heat stagnation as the pathogenesis both of the warm disease and the internal disease. That is the reason that he can treat diseases belongs to different medical system by the same therapy. What is more is that he had been emphasizing ensuring the circulation of qi and making the heat pathogen out of body all the time. That means to make sure body’s qi and xue circulation operate ordinarily is what should be done when a disease comes out. Doctor must keep the principle in his/her mind. And this principle is suitable for all the treatments. Prof. ZHAO found that there are some diseases come with the patient when he/she was born. It is somethink like gene in western medicine. He call that suifen (marrow) syndrome. He raised the new idea and developed the theory and method of the warm disease when he used the theory and method of the warm disease to treat the internal diseases.In all, this study shows Professor ZHAO Shao-qin’s academic achievements, and focuses on his experience of using the theory and method of the warm disease to treat some internal medicine. More important is that these new ideas are all on the basis of his clinical practice. That guarantees the result of the methods. Hoping this study can provide a reference and take more new thoughts for both the clinical practice and the academic development of Chinese medicine. |
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