| The plan for building a railway stretching to the frontier area of Russian east part was proposed as early as the 1830’s, a dispute over some programs for building it lasted more than a half century and a final run of the railway was decided on until the 1890’s. The Trans Siberian Railway was a product of Victor industrialization era, which had an obvious driving function for economic development of Russian east area. With the railway stretching eastward, more and more immigrants came to Siberia and the Far East and took part in the local development. The construction of the railway gave an impulse to the development of agriculture, industry, commerce as well as cities there.Along the railway appeared agricultural culture belts, industrial enterprises and larg-and-middle cities. The railway relatively shortened the distance between the east and west parts of Russia and changed the old looks of desolation and blockage of Siberia and the Far East and sped up their steps for development.This article is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. In the preface is discussed the significance of research, home and abroad research status quo and defined some concepts.The text includes three chapters. The first chapter deals with promulgation of the program for building the railway and discussions on the programs concerned. First of all, it introduces the economic situation before building the railway and explains the obstacle to economic development because of a shortage of a good land road. Then, it hackles the programs of all kinds proposed from the 1830’s to the 1890’s, exposes the scheme of Britain, Germany, Frence and the United States to permeate the east Russian market and analyses why the World Asian Railway Project they proposed went bankrupt. Finally, it introduces the run of the railway decided at last on the basis of an analysis of Russian government discussing the matter of the Trans Siberian Railway and the motive for Czar to make a final determination to build the railway.The second chapter deals with the question of constructing the Trans Siberian Railway. In the process of building the railway, there were a lot of difficulties beyond imagination and a furious competition between the suppliers for contruction materials. The Czarist government headed by Chancellor of the Exchequer Victor overcame many difficulties and took fifteen years to complete the construction of the railway at last. The Siberian Railway Committee was the highest state institution; it was under its high-performance leadership was the railway completed successfully.The third chapter is the focal point of this article. The construction of the railway had a far-reaching influence upon the development of Russian east area: in view of social development, the construction of the railway created conditions for immigration to the east area of Russia and caused twice a large scale of immigrant waves. With immigrant increase, the number of settlements double increased, especially the settlements along the railway developed rapidly while the settlements far away from the railway lost an opportunity for development. The authorities of the railway made a daring effort to construct the infrastructure of rest home, medical care and education, etc. In terms of economic develoment, on one hand the construction of the railway opened up a new market for the development of capitalism, making economy develop rapidly in the east area of Russia, which was brought into whole Russia’s united development process, on the other it further intensified the dependency of material suppliers Siberia and the Far East on the European Russia, making these areas a colony for dumping the industrial products from the European Russia. |
PDF Full Text Request