Vietnamese Revolutionists With Sun Yat-sen And His Revolutionary Ideology

This thesis presents some matters about the relation between Vietnamese revolutionists and Sun Yat-sen, such as the exception from Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary ideology of Vietnamese revolutionaries and its result, the mutual influence between Vietnamese revolutionists and Sun Yat-sen as well as effects on the revolutions of Vietnam and China, etc.At the end of the19th century, Vietnam was invaded by French Colonialism, its independence was lost. Under the control of French colonial, Vietnam’s economy and society were also badly destroyed. The Vietnamese people were oppressed by the heavy burden of taxation and contributions and their life was very difficult. Historical background required Vietnam urgently to find a way for independence and liberation. In that situation, many heroes Vietname appeared. At the beginning of the20th century revolution formed two tendencies:bourgeois democratic revolution and proletarian revolution. Vietnamese revolutionists many methods to save their country, they studied theories from many other revolutionists in the world. Among them, a lot people were influended by Sun Yat-sen-the leader of China National Democratic Revolution.Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) is one of the greatest revolutionists of China in modern times. He is the pioneer who led the1911Revolution to overthrow feudalism, which has been existed for thousands of years, to set up the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen devoted himself completely to the revolutionary cause of China, for country’s independence and for people’s benefits. His career influenced not only in China but also in a round the world, especially in Asian countries, where national liberation career were being implemented. From1900to1908, Sun Yat-sen visited Vietnam six times. In Vietnam, Sun Yat-sen not only propagated revolutionary to overseas Chinese, persuaded the French colonial government to support China’s revolution; but also contacted with some Vietnamese revolutionaries, in order to create a union between Chinese and Vietnamese revolutions. Vietnam was also an important revolutionary base area for Sun Yat-sen and the United League of China against Manchu Dynasty. Vietnam-China’s frontier was the field where was selected for many times to start uprisings in southern provinces of China. At the beginning of the20th century, Sun Yat-sen’s theories base on "the Three Principles of the People" was propagated into Vietnam and influenced on Vietnamese revolutionary.At the beginning of the20th century, Vietnamese revolutionists, who followed tendency of bourgeois democratic revolution, were closer to Sun Yat-sen and were influenced more or less by his ideology. The most significant representative was Phan Boi Chau and the Vietnamese Nationalist Party. Phan Boi Chau (1867-1940) was the most typical revolutionist in bourgeois democratic revolution at the beginning20th century who had a huge influence on Vietnam. Phan Boi Chau met Sun Yat-sen three times. In1905, he discussed twice about revolutionary cooperation between Vietnam and China with Sun Yat-sen. Two parties started to have mutual sympathy and understandings, which established positive relationships for the future. Phan Boi Chau deeply influenced by Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary theories and made him change the viewpoint of national salvation policy, from constitutional monarchy to the republic. Phan Boi Chau established Vietnam Restoration Society (1912) and Vietnamese Nationalist Party (1924). The organizational Structure and political programs of two parties were imitated of revolutionary organizations wich were set up by Sun Yat-sen from the United League of China (1912) and Chinese Kuomintang (1919). Moreover, Vietnamese revolutionary movements leaded by Phan Boi Chau also helped and impacted on Chinese revolutionary movements leaded by Sun Yat-sen.Vietnamese Nationalist Party was born rather late (in the1920s), which was the last mark of the Vietnamese bourgeois democratic revolution. This organization basically gathered the believers who influenced by Sun Yat-sen. Political programs of the Vietnamese Nationalist Party also were influenced by "The Three principles of the people" and this theory was the spirit of Vietnamese Nationalist Party. However, Vietnamese Nationalist Party applied "The Three principles of the people" very dogmatic and mechanical.Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969) is the most typical representative among revolutionists following Vietnamese proletarian revolution. He was a preeminent leader of Vietnam national liberation movement. He established the Vietnamese Communist Party and led people to overthrow feudalism and colonialism, set up The Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh was also the most typical representative who applied creatively Sun Yat-Sen’s theories. During carrying out revolutionary activities in France and Soviet Union, Ho Chi Minh was in sympathy with Sun Yat-sen, he wrote many articles about Sun Yat-sen. Although he had never met Sun Yat-sen any time, Ho Chi Minh highly appreciated the policies of Sun Yat-sen and respected him deeply. At the end of1924, Ho Chi Minh arrived Guangzhou, where Sun Yat-sen and Chinese Kuomintang were holding the power. In Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh concentrated on studying Sun Yat-sen’s theories and participated in revolutionary activities of the Chinese Kuomintang. He opened training courses for Vietnamese revolutionists to research Sun Yat-sen and his theories (The Three Principles of the People). According to Ho Chi Minh, theories of Sun Yat-sen had advantages because they were suitable to Vietnam. He learned and studied these theories flexibly and creatively. He not only selected the most suitable points, which could have been applied to the Vietnamese revolution, but also supplemented and developed the Three Principles of the People. Through acceptance and development "The Three Principles of the People", Ho Chi Minh made contribution to perfectionism of national salvation ideology. After the August Revolution, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was born,"The Three Principles of the People" left many valuable lessons for the Vietnamese revolution.During the end of the19th century and the early20th century, Vietnam and China had many similar economic-social features. The people of both countries were seeking many ways to liberate and develop their countries. During these processes, under the leadership of typical revolutionists, the people of both countries had mutual relationships and helped each other. This was a typical characteristic of the relationship between Vietnam and China in modern times and it’s also the basis of the relationship between the two countries now.