Germany Nietzsche And "French Nietzsche"

G.L. R. Deleuze, a well-known French theorist, once said this century (Twentieth Century) would be called "the Foucault era". We may say Foucault’s power theory which focuses on "discourse right" has been becoming a kind of basic theories or methods in the fields of literary criticism and in the Circles of theory of literature and Art Not only in the west, but in China. Foucault is also known as "French Nietzsche in the twentieth Century ". People always can see the influence of Nietzsche from Foucault’s attitude toward life, theory and Foucault’s research methods. In1983, Foucault said in his last interview:"Simply speaking, I am a Nietzsche believer. With the help of the works of Nietzsche, I tried my best to see what I can do in many respects and in this or that domain". The issue of power is a focus of both Nietzsche and Foucault. As Foucault once said that the construction of his power theory was deeply influenced by Nietzsche in many ways. Specifically said these effects are mainly embodied in the following aspects:first of all, in the aspects of thought, Nietzsche’s theory of the will to power,"Superman" theory,"God is dead", the doctrine about state and female had important inspiration for Foucault to study the relationship between power and discourse, power and truth/knowledge, power and discipline, power and sex. Secondly, from the research methods, Nietzsche’s such methods as "revaluation of all values","down with the idol","Genealogy" method provide a unique methodology for Foucault’s research on the power issues, which enable Foucault to borrow Nietzsche’s "Archaeology" and "Genealogy" to construct his own micro-power theory; Again, in the resistance to power, the influence of Nietzsche on Foucault is more profound, Nietzsche used the ancient Greek irrational "Dionysian spirit" as a means of resistance to the authority of reason and moral authority. In other words, Nietzsche used the body aesthetics as a means to boycott the power of rational society. Similarly, in the face of our society’s power network which have a finger in every pie at any time, Foucault also used the aesthetics of existence to prevent power from him. Foucault’s method against power is "caring self. To make a long story short, there have all kinds of connections with the contact between Foucault’s power theory and the doctrine of Nietzsche. Due to the similarity of Nietzsche’s personality and that of Foucault’s. Not only can we understand the relationship between their power theories by influence study, but also deepen our understanding of their respective powers theory through the interaction analysis. Besides inheritance, Foucault also have some major breakthrough over Nietzsche’s theory of power, in the aspects of thought, Foucault not only revealed the collusion between power and discourse, power and truth/knowledge/legal, but also uncovered the operation mechanism of the microscopic power by such marginal issues as Prison, madness, sex and abnormal people. In methodology, compared with Nietzsche, Foucault had deeper understanding of the great significance of "Archaeology" and "Genealogy". And apply them to the broader academic fields. In the fight against the truth, power and knowledge, He also went further than Nietzsche, Even willing to discard the classics and rebel against orthodoxy and to try a variety of "ultimate experience". In short, Foucault inherits the essence of Nietzsche’s theory of the power, but also has its own breakthrough and innovation. Nietzsche and Foucault’s theories of power enrich and deepen the western literary theories and have a far-reaching influence in many fields of literature and art of later ages.