A Study On Some Questions Of Nun-Khorchin Tribe’s History In Early Qing Dynasty

As an important part of Mongolian history, Nun-Khorchin Tribe history has great important position both in study of Mongolian national history and Qing Dynasty history. From the "nine tribes war" in 1593 to their submission to Manchu in 1936, Khorchin Tribe had many relations with the State of Aisin, which named Qing Dynasty after the year of 1636. During this period, they gradually developed into political and military alliance from enemies, and overthrew Ligdan Khan’s rule over Mongolia and the reign of Ming Dynasty together. As a result, they established Qing Dynasty under the system of "Mongolian kings and Manchu emperor". On the base of the previous studies, this paper forwards to gather the Manchu and Mongolian documents of Nei Mishu Yuan, Nei Guoshi Yuan, and Neige Menggutang of Qing Dynasty, try to make special study into Nun-Khorchin Tribe history in early Qing Dynasty by combining and complementing the documents with historical recordings, and therefore finds out the developmental course of relationship between Nun-Khorchin Tribe and Manchu Group.This thesis consists of 5 parts:"the preface" introduces the significance of the topic, the state of research by former researchers, the content and the creative point, and the origin of the historical materials and the research method. In chapter 1 entitled "early relationship between the khorchin tribe and Nurhachi", talks about the background and the results of the events occurred between Nun-Khorchin Tribe and State of Aisin, including the origin of Nun-Khorchin Tribe and its’internal discord; Nurhachi transformed the Jurchens by putting in force "Mongolian-ize of Jurchens" in order to narrow differences between the Jurchen and Mongolian; gave preferential treatment to Mongolians, through ways of making marriage alliances with Khorchin Left Wing and uniting with Khorchin Right Wing, made the Nun-Khorchin Tribe out of camp of Ligdan Khan. In Chapter 2 entitled "The relationship of Nun-Khorchin and Aisin dynasty in early years of Tiancong khan", discusses about early concrete confrontation process of the two groups, includes the expanding of the internal discord momentum of Nun-Khorchin Tribe, the struggle between of the Ooba and Tiancong Khan for the chief of alliance and the questions about laying down general rules among the alliance and the resettling of Nun-Khorchin Tribe’s border. In chapter 3, tease the relations between Nun-Khorchin Tribe and the Aisin dynasty in the last years of Tiancong khan, includes substantial changes of marriage alliances between the two groups, the types and effects of economic measures by Tiancong Khan took, collapse of the traditional legal system of Nun-Khorchin, and Nun-Khorchin people integrated into Manchus and some Khorchin people turned into the nobility of Manchus’Eight Banners. Chapter 4 mainly discussed the continuing preferential treatments to Khorchin by Chongde Emperor, reformed Khorchin’s original political system and social system by Manchu’s own system and the soldiers of Khorchin jointed in the military expansions. In conclusion, makes a brief summary of the history of Khorchin in the beginning of Qing Dynasty and presents personal understandings and views.