The Historical Evolution Of Western Philosophy Of Power And Its Critical Explanation Of Marx’s Philosophy

Power, as a philosophical theme, traditionally gives a very depth of discussion, which opens to the reality transformation of the modern understanding of human nature, and revealing the thought transformation of the precondition of modernity criticism of power in modern theories of philosophy. Faced with philosophical reflection, it about interpretation of actual power and legitimacy of its foundation, the thinking paths of power philosophy never get out of theory area and actual path of metaphysic thought. The original theory circumstances of philosophy of power, in short, lies in the metaphysical vision and then move itself down to the reality relationship between human being and human being’s historical note and its attaching progress. Facing the historical context of modern society, the mutual guidance and the interpretation of power and philosophy are rooted in the heritage concept of laws. The associations that of the common interests and theoretical direction extended in extraction of human’s analysis relationships, as well as human’s existence in methodology and human social state, both show the "invasion" and "evasion" of power and philosophy of the realistic circumstanc and the theoretical predicament in different history stages. On one hand, power which helps them to re-explore the way of philosophy as to take care of human nature forms its the realistic background of power relations, where multiple philosophical connotatios of spiritual archaeology gradually expanded, thus distinguishes it from other theoretical characteristics and researching on the power-operating mechanism. On the other hand, however, as in the study of western philosophy on a large scale, the philosophy is a exploring theory of the attachment between human beings and the world in which human lives. Hence, the original setting in intrinsic interests, basic rules and principles of construction based on power practice of the duality of world, generate increasingly understanding of its historic experience connotations. What’s more, encountering with the reality of the situation in new microcosmic characteristic of power system, the universal and abstract power-seeking individual shelter, reality, limits, and heterogeneity power in western philosophy, gradually highlight individual practice of the construction of society and further promote the integration of historical value, by which the individual realm expresses micro-metaphysics a even possible path. In a word, western philosophy, especially in metaphysics area, develops through the abstract movement of the speculative spirit between the "hidden" and the "reveal", which is nothing but the power "games" with "restraint" and "spillover". The power "games" are often hidden and obscured through the construction and change of power realistic system.Faced with the historical circumstance and theoretical predicament of actual power and power philosophy in modern society, the study firstly retraces the important stages in the history of the development of western philosophy, and investigates the basic settings of power in different stages where based on different interpretations of the inherent relationships among the existing states of human beings, and finally depicts the specific stages of western philosophy in its basic characteristics of its own authorities and the external appearances of its particular philosophical form. This study can also lead to the outline of the dominant pictures and potential regulations which are hidden in the exploration of the relationship between men and metaphysics. Furthermore, this study attempts to illustrate the historical progression, such as the intrinsic setup, the logical tendency, the multiple states and the potential future of power philosophy, etc. All these important aspects include the following points:first, classical philosophy take the shape of the ontology-power, which assigns power as the tensions caused by the binary oppositions between the metaphysical transcendent pursuit and the ordinary lives in a secular world. In ontology, the understanding of the relationships has been expanded through the intrinsic relationships among the power of the survival, say, the power of concept, the power of spirit, and the power of secularity. This process is accompanied by the sacred defense of the ontology-power and the gradual growth of secular nature within the circle of the power during the medieval. It further develops into the duality of power logic between the spiritual control of an individual and the rational control of secularity of the society, and carries the complete logics and the major states of the thinking of power in the western philosophy. Second, modern philosophy is constructed by the ration-power, while the provision on the philosophy of power is reconstructed from the understanding principle and conceptual methodology of the identical awareness between one and his object. The provision is also perceived as the objective assessment of all things on the basis of the objectivity of knowledge and the reasonable form of abstract. With the comprehensive study of the rationality of knowledge, Kant builds the prior examination on the internal structure of the settings of ration-power. Then Hegel obtains the extensive comprehension of the historical and the current progression in the abstract movement of power through the principle of the abstract investigation on "Ego Consciousness". Third, contemporary philosophy interprets the micro-power, reevaluates all the rational constructions of the standard value of metaphysics, and tries out the productive characteristics of power in the analysis of social power. Until Foucault’s discovery that power and knowledge are technically ruling man and the society, the construction of the philosophy of power can be gradually transformed into the theme of the theoretical problems of modern philosophy. Viewing that, the historical progression and the modern metaphysical understanding of power philosophy both determine the fundamental direction of western philosophy, which defines the "introvert" power through abstract speculation and logical deduction, thereby avoids the reality and heterogeneity of individual power. It not only establishes the body properties and the metaphysical dimensions of power philosophy, but also promotes the micro progress of power. The philosophy of power steps into history and reality through the metaphysical way, showing the speculative relationship in the real power system.Karl Marx’s philosophy extends beyond western power philosophy. It focuses on the criticism of real power and real men behind the basis of abstract principle, and redefines the new understanding principle and forms an analytical method of men, society and the mutual relationship between them. Marx’s philosophy clarifies the reality and the human nature of the power, thereby established the rational explanation of splitting power and the new connection of real analysis of power, which are based on human practice in western philosophy. Marx reveals the western philosophy of power’s shelters for its defined way of economy and its construction of the people’s reality and power’s reality. In the context of people’s power and productivity, Marx clarifies the basic elements of power. In the multiplicity of social practice of labor, commodity and capital, according to Marx, the multiple factors can be founded within the abstract principles of the abstract construction of the power. It also get explicated in the multi-dimensional network of social power within economics, politics, spirits and developments on further alienates of nature of power in the interaction between capital and power. Ultimately in human’s practical development, the dialectical process of the evolvement of power pours into social history. Marx focuses on the interaction of power and deeper ways of restraint in the multi-layers in the internal power, concerning the historical practice of power and the understanding of the restraint and the meaning of the perfection and development between man and the practice of power. As a result, Marx’s philosophy comprehends power as the key construction factors with its dependency on the self-actualization between people’s intrinsic power and its objectivity in the practice. The power can express the status of people’s social existence and the dependent relationships between people and others. People’s nature is not shown as the unlimited worship as in the abstract or the speculation in the philosophical context of abstract, but as the construction of the real world in the emotional activities among living people. Human society and history are shown in the intrinsic relationship of human power and the reconstruction of people’s power activities caused by itself. As the practice of power from people’s self actualization, these understandings regarding the definition of power in Marx’s philosophy could depict Marx philosophy’s reconstruction and the development of power philosophy.Marx’s philosophy of power is treated as the practical wisdom to reveal the real value of modern practice. On one hand, Marx’s philosophy of power illustrates the future outlook of power philosophy. Marx’s philosophy faces the reality, extracts the new trends in the power network, and remodels the practice which involved in the pluralism and individualism of power control, thereby demonstrates the future direction of the micro-metaphysical power and the imagination of the relationship between the power philosophy and the freedom of individual development. On the other hand, Marxist philosophy of power reveals the actual practical power in the power reform and the construction spirits of the current system of our country. The appliance of Marx’s philosophy of power can elucidate the interaction and the collision of the multiple power culture in the reality of power within our country. It can also extract the mutual rules, boundaries and limitations between individuals and countries, and the context of social power relationships during power reform. It can enable the consideration of the constructive order of both the abstract and real power. In philosophy’s transformation of real spiritual practice, new values can be established and practiced, and maybe Marx’s philosophy’s deep influences in the culture, spirit, religion and other metaphysical aspects of our country can be linked and seriously assessed.