Two Meta-Values Of Value Theory:Liangxin And Right Of Autonomy

Value is the core and first concept in Ethics, Economics and Economical Ethics; value problem is the key problem in Ethics, Economics and Economical Ethics; value change is the precondition of institutional reform and social progress, which must be under the guidance of reasonable and scientific Value Theory. This research first outlines six kinds of Value Theory and there forms of Value from current Ethics and Economics research sphere, then initially derives out two meta-values:(right of) autonomy and Liangxin; Secondly, these two meta-values’value history were explored through West Ethics History ("Autonomy" as its core value) and East Ethics History ("Liangxin" as its core value), we can see their advantages and disadvantages respectively and comparatively. In the former history, Aristotle has rational autonomy, Kant has rational moral autonomy, John Rawls and Nozick have political autonomy right, their common disadvantage need to be remedied by "Liangxin"; in the latter history, Confucious, Mencius, Chu Hsi, and Wang Yangming respectively made contributions to the value of Liangxin from the aspects of the ethical method of "putting oneself in the place of another", the foundation of universally moral sentiments, moral metaphysics, and the crucial role in indivilual’s value life in society, meanwhile, Liangxin also has its autonomy background. Whereas, Liangxin has its disadvantage of ignoring the right of autonomy, which was revealed by Chaung Tzu and Yang Chu in pre-Qin period and re-discovered or returned during the social reforming period of late Qing Dynasty. Right of Autonomy is the object of Liangxin, Liangxin is the source of Right of Autonomy; their relation is like the relation of Yin and Yang, which can not be divided, otherwise, they would both be weakened. They are the exactly two meta-values of Value Theory. In the West, Michale Slote first talks about the balance between Receptivity and Autonomy, in which, Receptivity is near to Chinese Sentimental Philosopher——Meng Peiyuan’s reasonable or universal sentiment——Liangxin, they both can learn a great deal from each other. But both Michael Slote and Meng Peiyuan ignore the crucial value of Economical Autonomy Right or Autonomy Right in economy life. In our daily economical living sphere, the problem of whether Autonomy Right could be a reasonable value decided by the relation between the Autonomy Right indicating the self-interest and the whole social public-interests is conflicting opposing or concordant. About this problem, first, the rational self-interested economical man with the source of Liangxin is the man who has Economical Autonomy Right, and is a (economical) moral man, the relation between personality morality and economical morality is that between "Ti"(体) and "Yong"(用); second, with the "Equal Marginal Utility Law" deduced by using Marginal Analysis method in Calculus Mathemetics——Lagrange’s Law (Multivariate function extremum) by Wang Guoxiang, we can prove the justice, immutability and holiness of Market Economy System, which has justiceness because that it proves "theory of concordant interests":individual’s self-interest and the whole social public-interests can be maximized at the same time with the conditioning of market price mechanism. So we can see the self-interested Economical Autonomy Right’s rightness, morality, and value reasonableness and the reasonableness of Autonomy Right as Liangxin’s object. Then we get the conclusion that Autonomy Right and Liangxin are two necessary meta-values of Value Theory, Economical Ethics, Economics, Ethics and our economically daily life.