A Phonological Study Of The Chang-du Group Of Gan Dialects

Chang-du group is one of classification of Gan Dialect, which is located in northern Jiangxi, including eleven counties: Nanchang City,Nanchang County, Xinjian County, An Yi County, Yongxiu County, De’an County, Xingzi County, Duchang County, Hukou County, Wuning County, Xiushui County. Due to the lack of comprehensive and in-depth study of the group, the intent of this paper is discussing and exploring the phonological characteristics and evolution of the Chang-du gruop of Gan Dialect by using various methods of historical comparation, the historical stratum analysis, geographical linguistics, the experimental phonetics the historical testual research.In addition to the conclusion, the whole paper is divided into 6 chapters.Chapter1 describes human historical background and the research value of the Chang-du gruop of Gan dialect, contains the summary of literatu,also introduces research contents,dialectal materials and the research methods.Chapter2 consists of 11 sections, section 1-10 describe mainly describes sound system, common features and internal difference of each county dialect. The eleventh section summarizes phonological characteristics and evolution of the Chang-du gruop of Gan dialect on the basis of fully understanding the internal differences, based on the internal differences of the above and all the links, this section proposes a re-classification of the group, the Chang-du gruop of Gan dialect is subdivided into 3 subgruops:Nanchang group, Wuning group, Duchang group.Chapter3 consists of 7sections, according to 125 points dialectal materials, specially discusses phonetic features and evolution rules of initials of medieval Chinese language.Section1:The current pronunciation characteristics of the MC quanzhuo(全浊,i.e.voiced initials)initials,this section mainly analyzes the phenomenon and characteristics of aspirated voiceless and voiced initials by using the method of experimental phonetics.Section2: The current pronunciation characteristics of the MC Ni(泥) and Lai( 来) initial, this section mainly describes the geographical distribution of various types, according to synchronic difference and the historical literature,analyzes historical strata of the types.Section3: The current pronunciation characteristics when the MC Lai(来)initial spelling the final whith [i/y] medial. This section mainly describes the geographical distribution, condition of rhymes of Lai(来) initial pronounced as stops, combined with the synchronic difference,pragmatic phenomenon,historical literature, discusses historical strata of the types, and constructs phonetic evolution process.Section4: The current pronunciation characteristics of the MC Tou( 透) and Ding( 定)initial.This section mainly discusses the phenomenon of phonetic change of Tou( 透)and Ding( 定)initial pronounced as [l], firstly describes the geographical distribution of the phenomenon of the phonetic change, explores condition of rhymes of Tou(透)and Ding(定)initial pronounced as [l] by according to the survey results of 194 words, discusses the cause of Change and distribution by analysing the synchronic difference, pragmatic phenomenon, historical literature, and cultural background.Section5: The current pronunciation characteristics of the MC Jing(精), Zhi(知), Zhuang(庄), Zhang(章)group initials. According to the research results of the Mandarin dialects and the historical literature, this section analyses historical strata of the current pronunciation of the MC Jing(精), Zhi(知), Zhuang(庄), Zhang(章)group initials, discusses specially geographical distribution, cultural origin, historical strata of Zhi(知)group 3 Deng(等) and Zhang(章)group initials pronounced as stops,and constructs phonetic evolution process.Section6: The current pronunciation characteristics of the MC Jing(见) group initials. This section analyses historical strata of the current pronunciation of the MC Jing(见)group initials, focus on the special phonetic phenomena of the MC Xi(溪) and Qun(群) initial pronounced as[h]or zero initia.According to the survey results of Selected words and historical literature, this section analyses distribution and origin of the MC Xi(溪) and Qun(群) initial pronounced as[h]or zero initial, also discusses the correlation between these special phonetic change,and constructs phonetic evolution process.Section7: The MC Fei(非)and Jian(见) group initials pronounced as the aspirated nasals of rhyme groups Zeng(曾), Geng(梗), Tong(通). This section discusses geographical distribution, the condition of rhyme and the historical strata of the aspirated nasals phonetic phenomena.Chapter4consists of 7sections,according to 125 points dialectal materials,specially discusses phonetic features and evolution rules of finals of medieval Chinese language.Section1:The current finals pronunciation characteristics of the MC rhyme groups Yu(遇), according to the research of Chinese language history and historical literature, this section analyses types and historical strata of the current pronunciation of the rhyme groups Yu(遇).Section2:The current finals pronunciation characteristics of the MC rhyme groups Xie(蟹).This section analyses finals types,distribution,historical strata of the current pronunciation of Kaikou(开口)1 Deng(等)and 2 Deng(等)of rhyme groups Xie(蟹),also discusses special phonetic phenomena.Section 3:The current pronunciation characteristics of Kaikou(开口)finals of Jing(精),Zhi(知),Zhuang(庄),Zhang(章)group initials in the MC rhyme groups Zhi(止摄).This section analyses finals types,according to the research of Chinese language history,synchronic difference,pragmatic phenomenon and historical literature,discusses historical strata of the current pronunciation,and constructs early form and phonetic evolution process.Section4:The current finals pronunciation characteristics of the MC rhyme groups Liu(流), this section analyses finals types,according to the research of Chinese language history,the synchronic difference and historical literature, discusses historical strata of the current pronunciation, and constructs early form and phonetic evolution process.Section 5: The phonetic phenomenon of finals with[i] medials from ancient 1 Deng(等), this section analyses distributing characteristics, according to the synchronic difference and historical literature, discusses phonological conditions and causes of the phonetic phenomenon.Section 6: The current pronunciation characteristics of the MC nasal endings, this section analyses nasal endings types, focuses on the 3 kinds phenomena of nasal endings change, according to the research of Chinese language history and historical documents, discusses historical strata and causes.Section 7:The current pronunciation characteristics of the MC Ru Sheng(入声)endings(i.e.p/t/k,consonant),this section analyses endings types,geographical distribution,the influence factors and the way of phonological change.Chapter 5 consists of 4 sections, specially discusses phonetic features and evolution rules of tone of medieval Chinese language.Section1:The characteristics and evolution of the MC Pingsheng(平)tone,discusses specially tone-split phenomenon between Quanqing(全清,i.e.voiceless unaspirated)and Ciqing(次清,i.e.voiceless aspirated),Quanzhuo(全浊,i.e.voiced aspirated)and Cizhuo(次浊,i.e.voiced unaspirated).Section2: The characteristics and evolution of the MC Shangsheng( 上) tone, discusses 3 kinds of special phonetic phenomenon, describes the distribution, according to the synchronic difference, pragmatic phenomenon and historical literature, discusses historical strata and causes.Section3:The characteristics and evolution of the MC Qusheng(去声)tone,mainly discusses the common features of pitch contours and pitch value,the tone-split by aspiration phenomenon,regional evolution characteristics.Section4:The characteristics and evolution of the MC Rusheng(入声)tone,discusses specially conditions of sound change,tone-merged phenomenon between Qing(清,i.e.voiceless initials)and Zhuo(浊,i.e.voiced initials),the transformation from short to lax Tone.The conclusion sums up the main contents and innovations of the full text. It also points out study deficiency and the problems that needs further study about Chang-du group of Gan dialect.